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Tectonic Forces & Processes

Rocks undergo deformation when subjected to stress from tectonic plate movement, resulting in either folding or faulting. Folding occurs when rocks are compressed from opposite sides, forming physical folds known as anticlines that dip away from the crest and synclines that dip toward the trough. Faulting is the displacement of rock layers along a fracture plane, with dip-slip faults showing vertical movement between the hanging wall and footwall, and strike-slip faults showing horizontal displacement along parallel fault planes.

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Mery Nohana
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946 views3 pages

Tectonic Forces & Processes

Rocks undergo deformation when subjected to stress from tectonic plate movement, resulting in either folding or faulting. Folding occurs when rocks are compressed from opposite sides, forming physical folds known as anticlines that dip away from the crest and synclines that dip toward the trough. Faulting is the displacement of rock layers along a fracture plane, with dip-slip faults showing vertical movement between the hanging wall and footwall, and strike-slip faults showing horizontal displacement along parallel fault planes.

Uploaded by

Mery Nohana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

 As the plates continue to move due to the convection of Earth’s layers, rocks are continuously

exposed to stress. When rocks are subjected to stress, the rocks will eventually undergo
strain or deformation.
 Deformation refers to any change in the shape or size of a rock as a response to the stress.
The deformation may occur by either folding or faulting.
 Folding in rocks occur when they are subjected to tectonic forces from opposite sides.
Folding in rocks often results in the appearance of physical folds called anticline and
syncline.
 Anticlines are folds in which each half of the fold dips away from the crest. Synclines are folds
in which each half of the fold dips toward the trough of the fold.
 If there are no movement on either side of fracture, it is called joint. And if there is any
movement on one or both sides of the fracture, it is called fault.
 Faulting is the result of the fracture or displacement of rock layer or strata along a fault plane.

 A fault shows a displacement of the 2 sides of a nonvertical fault: the hanging wall and the
footwall.
 Dip-slip faults show vertical movement of the hanging wall and footwall (e.g. normal fault &
reverse fault)
 Strike-slip fault shows horizontal & parallel displacements of the fault planes. (e.g. transform
fault)

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