Department Of Pure & Applied Physics

Submitted by:
Komal Yadav and Sarita Dhakar
(Master Of Science)
 1. What is AFM 11. Types of Fibre
 2. Background of AFM 12. Abilities
 3. The First AFM Device 13. Experimental Procedure
 4. Components 14. Advantages
 5. Principle 15.Disadvanatges
 6 Modes of Tip Pointer 16. Comparison
 7.AFM Tips 17. Applications
 8. Origin Of intermolecular Forces 18. References
 9. Mechanism
 10. Imaging Modes Of Operation
 SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY
FAMILY

Scanning
ATOMIC SCANNING Near- Field
FORCE TUNNELING Optical
MICROSCOPY MICROSCOPY MICROSCOPY
 • Atomic Force Microscopy is a very-high-
resolution type of SCANNING PROBE
MICROSCOPY
• Resolution on the order of fractions of a nanometer,
more than 1000 times better than the Optical
Diffraction limit.
 The AFM was invented by IBM scientists- Gerd
Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer in 1981.
 Earned them the 1986 Nobel Prize for Physics.
 The first commercially available atomic force
microscope was introduced in 1989.
Components
1. LASER diode
2. Mirror
3. Position Senstive
Photo Detector
4. Cantilever
5. Probe Tip
6. Piezoelectric
Scanner
7. Computer
AFM TIPS
Functioning of Tip
 PRINCIPLE
It is based on the
microscopic technique in
which a laser beam is
focused on the back of
cantilever that moves up
and down on the Surface
and the deflections of the
beam are captured by a
diode.
Beam Deflection Detection
SCANNING MODES:
Contact Mode: Hard Stable Sample in
air or Liquid
Non-Contact Mode: Non invasive
sampling.
Tapping (Intermittent contact): No
shear and damaging Samples
Origin of Intermolecular Force
Range of Force- 10-13 – 10-06 N.
The interaction Force b/w the sample and
the tip originates due to attractive vander
wall’s interaction.
Between two molecules- attractive- 1/r6
Between Two surfaces – scaling or decay
shows – 1/r2.
MECHANISM:
Imaging Modes of Operation
Scanning of the Sample Surface
 Three-dimensional AFM images

(a) s-PDMS (b) e-PDMS (c) ruby sphere

 ABILITIES
1) Force measurement: Measure the forces between the probe
and the sample as a function of their mutual separation.
2) Imaging- Used to form an image of the 3-D shape
(topography) of a sample surface at a high resolution
3) Manipulation- Used to change the properties of the sample
in a controlled way.
EXPERIMENTAL
PROCEDURE
ADVANTAGES:
Easy Sample preparation
Works in Vacuum, air and liquids
Accurate Height information
Living Systems can be studied
3-D Imaging
Dynamic Environment
Surface Roughness quantification
Limited vertical Range
Limited magnification range
Data not independent of tip
Tip or sample can be damaged
Limited Scanning speed.
 APPLICATION
 Material science Of biological field.
 Biomedical Research
 Gene therapy
 Unfolding of Proteins
 Imaging Of Biomolecules in Real Solvent environments
 Antibody –Antigen Binding Studies
 Ligand Receptor Binding Studies
 Binding Forces of Complimentary DNA Strands
 Study Surface Frictional Forces
 Ion channel Localization
REFERENCE: