Indian History

 In 1896, the Lumiere brothers demonstrated the art of cinema when

they screened Cinematography consisting of six short films to an
enthusiastic audience in Bombay.
 1897- made two short films Hiral Sen, an Indian photographer,
made a film of scenes from the show, namely The Flower of
Persia (1898) and Harishchandra Sakharam Bhatavdekar popularly
known as Save Dada, the still photographer,“The Wrestlers” (1899)
Silent films (1890s–1920s)
 1913 Dada Saheb Phalke made the first feature length silent film
“Raja Harishchandra”
 Raja Harischandra was the first-ever Indian film which was screened in
London in 1914. Though Indian Cinema’s first mogul, Dadasaheb
Phalke supervised and managed the production of twenty three films
from 1913 to 1918, the initial growth of the Indian Film Industry was
not as fast as that of Hollywood.
 The first silent film in Tamil, Keechaka Vadham was made by R.
Nataraja Mudaliar in 1916
 Numerous new production companies emerged in the early 1920s.
 Raghupathi Vengaiya Naidu was an Indian artist and a film pioneer.
From 1909, he was involved in many aspects of Indian cinema,
travelling across Asia. He was the first to build and own cinemas in
Madras. He was credited as the father of Telugu cinema.
Beginning of the Talkies (1930s–mid-1940s)
 1931 Ardeshir Irani made India's first talking film “Alam Ara”.
 It was the first sound film in India. The release of Alam Ara started a
new era in the history of Indian Cinema. Phiroz Shah was the first
music director of Alam Ara. The first song which was recorded for Alam
Ara in 1931 was ‘De de khuda ke naam par’. It was sung by W.M.
Khan.
 Fathers of Indian cinema were Dada Saheb Phalke and Ardeshir Irani
 In South India, the first Tamil talkie Kalidas was released on 31
October 1931. Nataraja Mudaliar established South India's first film
studio in Madras.
 Jumai Shasthi was the first Bengali talkie.
 In 1932, the name "Tollywood" was coined for the Bengali film industry
because Tollygunge rhymed with "Hollywood". Tollygunge was then the
centre of the Indian film industry. Bombay later overtook Tollygunge as
the industry's center, spawning "Bollywood" and many other Hollywood-
-inspired names.
 In 1933, East India Film Company produced its first Telugu film, Savitri.
Based on a stage play by Mylavaram Bala Bharathi Samajam, the film
was directed by C. Pullaiah with stage actors Vemuri Gaggaiah and
Dasari Ramathilakam. The film received an honorary diploma at the 2nd
Venice International Film Festival.
 On 10 March 1935, another pioneer film maker Jyoti Prasad Agarwala
made his first film Joymoti in Assamese.
 The first film studio in South India, Durga Cinetone was built in 1936 by
Nidamarthi Surayya in Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh.
 Indra Sabha and Devi Devyani marking the beginning of song-and-
dance in Indian films
 In 1937, Kisan Kanhiya directed by Moti B was released, the first colour
film made in India.
 R. S. D. Choudhury produced Wrath(1930), which was banned by
the British Raj for its depiction of Indian actors as leaders during
the Indian independence movement
 Varkari Sant and spiritual poet became the first Indian film to be
screened at an international film festival, at the 1937 edition of
the Venice Film Festival.
 In 1938, Gudavalli Ramabrahmam co-produced and directed
the social problem film, Raithu Bidda, which was also banned by
the British administration, for depicting the peasant uprising
among the Zamindars during the British raj. In 1938, Gudavalli
Ramabrahmam, co-produced and directed the social problem
film, Raithu Bidda, which was also banned by the British
administration, for depicting the peasant uprising among
the Zamindars during the British raj.
 Golden Age (late 1940s–1960s)

 This period saw the emergence of the Parallel Cinema movement, (the
movement emphasized social realism) mainly led by Bengalis.
 The Apu Trilogy (1955–1959, Satyajit Ray) won major prizes at all the
major international film festivals and firmly established the Parallel
Cinema movement.
 Pather Panchali(1955), Aparajito(1956) and The World of Apu(1959).
 pioneers of Parallel Cinema movement are such as Satyajit
Ray, Ritwik Ghatak, Bimal Roy, Mrinal Sen, Tapan Sinha, Khwja Ahmad
Abbas, Buddhadeb Dasgupta, Chetan Anand, Guru Dutt and V.
Shantaram.
 Commercial Hindi cinema began thriving, including acclaimed
films Pyaasa(1957) and Kaagaz Ke Phool (1959, Guru
Dutt) Awaara (1951) and Shree 420 (1955, Raj Kapoor. These films
expressed social themes mainly dealing with working-class urban life in
India;
Classic Bollywood (1970s–1980s)

 Realistic Parallel Cinema continued throughout the 1970s such

as Aradhana (1969), Sachaa Jhutha (1970), Haathi Mere
Saathi (1971), Anand (1971), Kati Patang (1971) Amar
Prem (1972), Dushman (1972) and Daag (1973).
 The arrival of screenwriter duo Salim-Javed, consisting of Salim
Khan and Javed Akhtar, revitalized the industry
 By the mid-1970s, crime-action films like Zanjeer and Sholay (1975)
solidified Bachchan's position as a lead actor.
 masala film genre, which combines elements
of action, comedy, romance, drama, melodrama and musical
 New Bollywood (1990s–present)

 Three Khans
 The three Khans have had
successful careers since the late
1980s,[126] and have dominated
the Indian box office since the
1990s.[128][129]Shah Rukh Khan
was the most successful for
most of the 1990s and 2000s,
while Aamir Khan has been the
most successful since the late
2000s
Genres and styles

 Masala film
Masala is a style of Indian cinema that mix genres in one
work, especially in Bollywood, West Bengal and South
India. For example, one film can
portray action, comedy, drama, romance and melodrama.
These films tend to be musicals, with songs filmed in
picturesque locations. Plots for such movies may seem
illogical and improbable to unfamiliar viewers. The genre is
named after masala, a mixture of spices in Indian cuisine.
Parallel cinema
Parallel Cinema, is also known as Art Cinema or the Indian New Wave, is
known for its realism and naturalism, addressing the sociopolitical
climate.