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faLsifiCation!

ParadittMs!

vS
karLpoPper thOmaskuHn
1902– 1994 1922– 1996
ThoMasS.Kuhn
PhySiCist it’s TouGhWith
(1922– 1996) BecAfteIntErEstEd EinSteinAroUnD.
inHisToryand
PhiLoSopHyofSciEnce
theStrUcTureofSciEnTifIc
RevOlUtiOns(1962)
AddEdaPosTsCriPtin
the2ndEdiTion(1969)
NoRmA
l
ScIeNcE

ReVoLuTiOnAr
Y ScIeNcE
ShaRedInsTrUmeNtsandTecHnIquEs
ExeMpLars

ExeMpLars

ValUes
ShaRed
TheOrEtiCal

ExeMpLars
ShaRed

BelIefs
ExeMpLars
ShaRedMetApHysIcs
NoRmA
l
ScIeNcE
TheSeFormaDisCiPliNary
ShaRedInsTrUmeNtsandTecHnIquEs MatRiX,orParAdittft*.
ExeMpLars andJust toConFuseyou,i
TheOrEtiCal SomEtImesCall theExeMpLarsof
GoodSciEnce“ParAdIttfts”too.
ExeMpLars

ExeMpLa
ShaRed

ShaRed
ValUes
BelIefs
ComMiTmeNttotheDisCiPliNaryMatRixisapre-

rs
ReqUiSiteforSucCeSsfUlNorMalSciEnce.

TheReisTheReForeaTenSionBetWeen
theDesIreforInnOvAtiOnandthe
Needto“ThiNkWitHinthebox”.
ExeMpLars
ShaRedMetApHysIcs
ShaRedInsTrUmeNtsandTecHnIquEs
notTesTed
ExeMpLars
RevOlUtiOnsarenot

ExeMpLars
SouGhtforExcEpt

ValUes
ShaRed
TheOrEtiCal

ExeMpLars
UndErExtReme
CirCuMstAnces
AnoMaLous ShaRed

BelIefs
ResUltsare
TolErAted
ExeMpLars
ShaRedMetApHysIcs
NoRmAl
ScIeNcE
Anomaly
AnAnoommalayly
AnoAnmoalmyalAynomaly
AAnnoommAaAnn ll yyoommaaly y
lAnom
Anomaly AnomAanlyomaly
a
ShlyaRedInsTrUmeNtsandTecHnIquEs
ExeMpLars

ExeMpLars

ValUes
ShaRed
TheOrEtiCal

ExeMpLars
ShaRed

BelIefs

ExeMpLars
ShaRedMetApHysIcs
NoRmAl
CrIsIs!

ExeMpLars
ExeMpLars
ShaRedMetApHysIcs
AScIeNtIfIc ReVoLuTiOn Is …
notCumUlAtiVe. CumUlAtiVe.

GovErnedbyRulEsofLottIc.
notGovErnedbyRulEs.

UltIftAteLySetTledbyComPaRingthe
UltIftAteLySetTledbyComPaRing ComPeTing HypOtHesEs’ AbiLity to
thePuzZle-SolVinttPowErofthe ResIstAttEftptstoFalSifyThem.
ComPeTingIdeAs.
ScIeNtIfIc PrOgReSs
theRevOlUtiOnarySeaRchforaRepLaCemEntParAdittftis
DriVenbytheFaiLureoftheExiStingParAdittftto SolVe
CerTainAnoMaLies.
theRepLaCemEntParAdittftSolVestheMajOrityofThoSe
PuzZlesandRetAinMuchoftheProBlem-SolVinttPowErof
itsPreDeCesSoR.
HowEver,weCanNotInfErFromtheIncReaseinProBlem-
SolVinttPowErProVidedbythenewParAdittftThatwearenow
CloSerTotHeTruTh,BecAuseParAdIttftsareIncOftMenSuRabLe*
WithoneAnoTher.
s
RchforaRepLaCemEntParAdittft
*thEsciEnceGuideDbyonE
ureoftheExiStingParAdittftto
erTainAnoMaLies.
ParadIgftiSincOmftenSurabLewitH
ThesCiencEdevElopeDundEra
rAdittftSolVestheMajOrityofetAin DiffeRentParadiGft,intHattHereiSNo
MuchoftheProBlem-SolVinttesSoR.
coMmonMeasuReofthe
InfErFromtheIncReaseinProBlem-d DiffeRentTheoriEs.
bythenewParAdittftThatweare
eTruTh,BecAuseParAdIttftsareRabLe*
WithoneAnoTher.
anomaly

anomaly
maly anomaly anomaly ano

anomaly
anomaly

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