BICONICAL

ANTENNA
 Introduction
• Biconical antennas are a boad-bandwidth
antennas that are made of two conical
conductive objects, nearly touching at their
points

• A coaxial feed is connected to center of

antenna where two cones meet

• During the last years a growing need for

expanded frequency ranges arised, which led
to the design of biconical antennas with
frequencies ranging from 20 MHz to 18 GHz
• A common subtype is the bowtie antenna,
essentially a two dimensional version of
biconical antenna
• Biconical antennas have dipole like
characteristics with wider bandwidth achieved
due to its double cone structure
• Biconical antennas have an omin-directional
radiation pattern in H-plane similar to dipole
antenna
• Biconical antennas exhibits poor transmitting
efficiency at low end of frequency range,
resulting in low field strengths when compared
to input power
Why Biconical Antenna
• Biconical antennas have replaced half-wafe dipole
antennas, because these antennas discovers anomalies at
site much easier as it allowes contineous sweeps.

• An enormous reduction of measurement time can be

achieved when compared to halfwave dipole antenna,
because the time consumed for tuning of the antenna
elements to the half wavelength is not needed.

• Biconical antenna configuration is one of many

configurations that can be used to achieve broadband
characteristics.
DESIGN OF BICONICAL ANTENNA
• The configuration of a biconicalantenna fed
by coaxial cable is shownin Figure
• The one length is l, cone top radius is l ·
sin(α/2) , cone bottom radius is theradius of
the coaxial cable, flare anglebetween the
two cones is Ψ .
• The upper and lower cones are
symmetrical.
• The cones are excited symmetrically at the
apices with the feed gap g.
The input impedance of the antenna with conical
length / and
cone angle as given as

Z=60*ln(angle of the cone/4)

Cone angle of 114 degrees is obtained from
formula by keeping impendence at 50ohms.
We keep impendence at 50ohms because
we can't find coaxial cables of other
impendences to excite antenna
• From the antenna configuration exhibiting rotational symmetry
(around z-axis)hence the radiation characteristic would also
be symmetrical omni directional in the azimuth(H plane)
• From the simulation results ( by 2011 International
Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and
Communication Systems (ISPACS) ) at different flare angles
Ψ (100°,80°, 60°, 40° and 20°), for the fixed cone length l
equals one wavelength of the center frequency (λf−cen ,f −
cen = 7 GHz), feed gap g 0.5 mm,
brass conductivity σ 2.57 x 107 S/m, and at minimum
frequency2 GHz; it was noticed (Fig. 2) that the (E-plane)
radiation patterns were bidirectional towards the broadside
direction. The beam width became wider with respect to the
narrower flare angle of the antenna.
Designing of bicones using CST:
 First of all a hallow cone is constructed with
height of 67.5mm, radius of 100mm and bottom
radius of 5.1mm maintaining an cone angle of
114 degrees with 1mm thickness and is mirriored
 A gap of 5mm is maintained between the two
cones
 A 0.775mm hole is made in bottom radius
ofupper cone to insert the inner core of coaxial
cable for excitation
 A 3.1mm hole is made in top radius of bottom
cone to insert outer conducter of coaxial cable
Coaxial cable
• Coaxial cable is a type of electrical cable that has an inner
conductor surrounded by a tubular insulating layer, surrounded by a
tubular conducting shield. Many coaxial cables also have an
insulating outer sheath or jacket. The term coaxial comes from the
inner conductor and the outer shield sharing a geometric axis
• Coaxial cable is a type of transmission line, used to carry
high frequency electrical signals with low losses. It is used in such
applications as telephone trunk lines, broadband
internet networking cables, high speed computer data busses
carrying cable television signals, and connecting radio transmitters
and receivers to their antennas.
• It differs from other shielded cables because the dimensions of the
cable and connectors are controlled to give a precise, constant
conductor spacing, which is needed for it to function efficiently as a
transmission line.
RG 58 C/U COAXIAL CABLE
• Length of the coaxial
cable is 1cm.
• This coaxial cable
consists 4 layers.
• Jacket , outer conductor ,
dielectric material , inner
conductor.
• The radius of inner
conductor is 0.775mm.
• The radius of dielectric
material is 2.54mm.
• The radius of outer
conductor is 3.1mm.
S-PARAMETER
Scattering parameters or S-parameters describe the electrical behavior of linear electrical networks when undergoing
various steady state stimuli by electrical signals.
S-parameters are mostly used for networks operating at radio frequency (RF) and microwave frequencies where signal
power and energy considerations are more easily quantified than currents and voltages.
GAIN

In electromagnetics, an antenna's power gain or simply gain is a key

performance number which combines the antenna's directivity and electrical
efficiency.
In a transmitting antenna, the gain describes how well the antenna converts
input power into radio waves headed in a specified direction.
In a receiving antenna, the gain describes how well the antenna converts radio
waves arriving from a specified direction into electrical power.
VSWR
• VSWR stands for Voltage Standing Wave Ratio, and is also
referred to as Standing Wave Ratio (SWR).
• VSWR is a function of the reflection coefficient, which describes
the power reflected from the antenna.
E-FIELD
APPLICATIONS

• Biconical antennas are used for emissions and immunity testing to

meet various EMC standards specified by FCC, CISPR and EN.
The broadband characteristics of the biconical antenna make it a
good choice for making sweep measurements and for automated
measurement systems.
• Normally, tuned dipole antennas are used for EMC site attenuation
measurements for better accuracy. However, the biconical antenna
is easier to use for vertical site attenuation measurements, because
of the long dipole element lengths at lower frequencies (5 meters at
30 MHz). According to ANSI 63.4 specification, a calibrated
biconical and a log periodic antenna can be used for site
attenuation measurements.
• The calibration data provided with each antenna is used to calculate
field strength measured for the selected frequency.
• The antenna factor (dB/m) for the selected frequency is added to
the measured output (dBV) displayed by the EMI meter to obtain
field strength (dBV/m).
 YOU
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