Parts of a Sentence

 Every sentence has a subject and a predicate.

 The subject is the noun or the pronoun that the

sentence says something about;
 The predicate is what is said about that noun or
pronoun, i.e., what that noun does or what that
noun is.
 Predicates can be split up; subjects do not always
come first.
Subjects and Predicates
 Sentences starting with “there” or “it”: these words
are often used as a kind of “place marker” for the
real subject of a sentence.

“There will be earthquakes in various places

 Grammatically speaking, the sentence is: “Earthquakes will be

[=will occur] in various places;
 The grammatical subjects is “earthquakes” not “there”
 Word game and Proverb
Amy is taking typing her assignment for general chemistry class. She can type rather well,
but sometimes she make mistakes. Read the assignment that Amy typed. There are 22
missing letter. Copy the writing, adding what is missing.

An important part of chemistry, of cours is the study

of chemical rections, changes hat occur when chemicals
ineract with each other to frm new and entirey different
substances. A chemcal reaction is an amazing thing to
obsere, and part of the fun of chmistry is watching
chemical reaction to take place. In the stuy f chemistry,
let’s examie one jus to see how remarkaby the propertes
of the obsered substances chang when he reactin occurs.
Consider a sodium. It is a mtal, so soft tht it can be cut
wih a knife.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Summary: Problems with Conditionals
 Factual Conditionals --- Absolute, Scientific
Results
If + S + V(present), S + will/can/may + verb word
 Factual Conditionals --- Probable Results for
the Future
If + S + V(present), S + will/can/may + verb word
 Contrary-to-Fact Conditionals --- Change in
Conditions Unless
S + V + unless + S + V
Examples summary

 If water freezes, it has become a solid.

CORRECT: If water freezes, it becomes a solid.
 We will wait if you wanted to go.
CORRECT: We will wait if you want to go.
 I can't go I don't get my work finished.
CORRECT: I can't go unless I get my work finished.
Structures
To express cause and condition with:
 otherwise
 or else
To express cause with:
 but
 only
Cause and condition with otherwise and
or else
 to express real condition with predicted
results (cause and effect)

 similar expression as if with unreal condition

(to express unreal condition and contrast)

 You should hurry. Otherwise you will be late.

 You ought to work harder. Otherwise you will get
fired.
Cause and condition with or else

 Don’t be late, or else you will miss the experiment.

 You should do the burning experiment carefully, or
else you might have an accident.
but and only
 to express cause and effect
 only clause is informal and not used in
written English

 I would go if I had time

 I would go, but I don’t have time.
 I would go, only I don’t have time.
 If I were clever, I would go to the Chemistry contest.
 I would go to the Chemistry contest, but I am not clever.
 I would go to the Chemistry contest, only I am not clever.
Exercises : Fill in the blanks with if,
unless, otherwise or even if.
A : Did you read the chapter about overlapping orbital in the text
book last night?
B : No, I don’t get the book.
A : You should borrow that from the library. ……………. you
can’t cope the discussion material today.
B : ………………… I got the book, I would not have time to
read it.
Exercise: Make sentences using
otherwise and or else.
1. You’d better wash your clothes with
biodegradable detergent. If you don’t, the
water stream won’t be free of waste.
2. Use Shiny Hair Shampoo. If you don’t, you
won’t look beautiful.
3. Everyone should ride university bike. If you
don’t, you will get bad image.
Else with question words and compounds
 when used with question words and compounds,
else means more or additional

 some common uses of else are:

anything else something else what else?
anywhere else somewhere else where else?
anyone else someone else who else?
nothing else
everybody else
Exercises – Complete this dialog using else with
question words or compounds
Waitress: Would you like to order?
A : Not yet, thank you. We’re waiting for __
B : ___ is coming?
A : Amy said that she would meet us here.
B : Oh. waitress. Could we sit ___ ? This table is too close to the door. It is
very cold here.
Waitress: I’m very sorry, sir. Right now there’s ___ to sit. All the tables are full.

After dinner
Waitress: Would you like ___ ?
A : ___ for me. Thank you. A’m full
B : I’d like ____. Could I see the dessert menu, please?
C : I’d like a piece of apple pie,please.
A : Well, if ___ is having dessert. I think I’d like some too.
Vocabulary in Chemistry
Laboratory tools-process-equipment
Peralatan umum

 Tubing (perpipaan)
 Wire (kabel)
 Glasswares (alat gelas)
 TC (to-contain) glasswares
 TD (to-deliver) glasswares
 PPE and Safety equipment (peralatan
keselamatan kerja)
 Gas cylinder (tabung gas)
 Laboratory tubing : LDPE tube, Tygon, centrifuge tubes,
etc http://prestigerubberco.com/tubes.gif

http://www.sks-science.com/images/612475-1LRG.jpg http://www.usplastic.com/catalog/images/products/tubing/57101p.jpg

http://www.sks-science.com/images/599364-0001LRG.jpg http://anpros.com.au/wp-content/themes/thesis_18/custom/rotator/laboratory-tubing.jpg
Laboratory wires

laboratory wire gauzes

laboratory wire mesh standard sieves

 Lab Gas cylinder

http://www.chemistry.nmsu.edu/Instrumentation/A_GC_cylindertop.gif

Gas cylinder rack

http://i00.i.aliimg.com/photo/106683110/Gas_Cylinder_Rack.summ.jpg

https://fscimage.fishersci.com/images/FS103084~wn.jpg http://i00.i.aliimg.com/photo/214818803/German_Gas_Cylinder_Valves.jpg
Peralatan ukur statis dan dinamis

 termometer  Laju alir fasa cair (liquid

(thermometer) flow rate)
 neraca analitik  Laju alir fasa gas (gas
(analytical balance) flow rate)
 pH meter  Tegangan muka
 multitester (multimeter) (surface tension
 manometer  Konduktivitas panas
 flowmeter (thermal conductivity)
 konduktometer  Viskositas (viscosity)
(conductometer)
 glass stem

Lab thermometer
integral ring

Wide range, -10°C to +150°C Thermometer.

Engraved black graduations and easy to read red Spirit filled. Measures approximately
12" long with integral ring on top for suspension.
Balances analytical balance

top-loader balance
pH meter
1
8 support
cap
2

screen
7
screening connector

inner insulator
3
reference
electrode 6 metal
conductor
buffer 5
4 connecting plug

the glass electrodes

Apparatus for wet reaction

 Test tube
 Beakers
 beaker glass
 clock glass
 Flasks
 conical or Erlenmeyer
 flat-bottomed flask
 stirring rod/ glass stirrer
 wash bottle
 polyethylene wash bottle
 Pipettes and Pipetting

droppers/Pasteur pipettes
3-way bulb
Technical tools
 Penyaringan (filtration)
 Ekstraksi (extraction)
 Distilasi (distilation)
 Kromatografi
(chromatography)
 Kalorimeter bom (bomb
calorimeter)
 Spektrofotometer UV-
Vis (Spectrophotometer
UV-Vis)
 Spektrofotometer
serapan atom (Atomic
Absorption
Spectrophotometer )
Technical tools

 Filtration
 Gas involved reaction

wash bottle conical flask lead-in tube stopper

Quantitative transfer
Standard curve experiment
Distillation
1

5 3

2 4

6
Extraction

http://www.chemicool.com/img1/graphics/extractn.gif
Soxhlet extractor
Word building
verb and noun prefix: mis-
 the prefix mis- means wrong or incorrect

 it is commonly used with verb or noun

Word building : prefix: mis-
 misinformation = wrong information
 misunderstand = to understand incorrectly

Exercises:
1. I think you read the schedule wrong.

2. The reason the instrument broke is that it was

used incorrectly.
3. I counted wrong.

4. His bad conduct got him in trouble.

5. The chemistry term was printed incorrectly.

 Analytical Balance
7

4 5

1
2
6

sliding door reading display balance pan tare button/bar

balance leveling gauge camel hair brush plastic forcep