SEED

GERMINATI
ON
Group - 2
Seed
Germination

• Germination is the
emergence from the seed and
development of those essential
structures that under favorable
conditions produce a normal plant
 • Epigeal Germination
• Hypogeal Germination
Type of
Germinati
on
1. Epigeal
Germination
• The cotyledons are brought above the ground
due to the elongation of hypocotyl

E.g. Sunflower
Castor
Beans
2.Hypogeal
Germination
•The cotyledons remain in the soil due to
the elongation of the epicotyle

E.g. Gram
Pea
Maize
Wheat
Process Behind
Germination

There are 3 types of process in

seed germination
• Pre – germination
• Germination
• Post germination
1. Pre - Germination
• Intake of water and air
• Production of RNA protein
• Increase in respiration
• Digestion of food reserved by enzymes
• Change in cell ultra structure
• Induction of cell division and cell growth
2. Germination
• Rapture of seed coat
• Emergence of seedlings
3. Post
germination
• Controlled growth of root
and shoot axis
• Controlled transport of
materials from food store to
growing axis
• Aging of food storage tissue
The factors that causing delayed
germination
1. Mechanical damage
2. Unfavorable condition
3. Dormancy
4. Ill health
Factors affecting seed germination
 There are two types of factors affecting seed germination
1.Internal factors
2.External factors