PLANT TISSUE

CULTURE
BY –PRIYANKA CHOUDHARY
GUIDED BY-SHAMLA KALE
 TISSUE CULTURE
• Tissue culture is a technique used
in biology to grow and propagate
cells outside of their natural
environment in a controlled
laboratory setting. It has
applications in fields such as
agriculture, medicine, and
biotechnology.

• This is typically facilitated via use

of liquid, semi-solid, or solid-
growth medium, such as broth or
agar.
 Plant tissue culture
• Plant tissue culture is a technique of growing plant
cells, tissues, organs, seeds or other plant parts in a
sterile environment on a nutrient medium.

• Terminology
-Living tissue transferred from a plant to an artificial
medium for culture.
-It can be any portion of the shoot, leaves, flower or
cells from a plant.
 Process of tissue culture

• Adult plant cells are

totipotent, meaning
they have the ability
to give rise to a fully
differentiated plant.
Because of this, it is
possible to collect
cells from a mature
plant and use those
cells to produce
clones of that plant.
 Plant tissue culture media
• Media used in plant tissue culture contain nutritional
components.
• Nutritional components are essential for growth and
development of cultured tissue.
• The success of the tissue culture depends very much on
the type of culture media used.
• Culture media are generally composed of inorganic
salts plus a few organic nutrients, vitamins and plant
hormones.
• Some of the followings components are:-
1.Salt mixtures
2.Organic substances
3.Growth regulators
5.Macronurtients
6.Micronutrients
• Macronutrients and Micronutrients in plant tissue culture
 Plant Growth Regulators
• Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are chemicals used to modify plant growth such as increasing
branching, suppressing shoot growth.

• Plant growth regulators can be grouped into five classes:

1. Auxins: These are growth promoting substances that contribute to the elongation of shoots, but at
high concentrations they can inhibit growth of lateral buds.

2. Gibberellins: Gibberellins (GA) promote cell elongation, shoot growth, and are involved in regulating
dormancy.

3. Cytokinin: Cytokinin promote cell division.

• Cytokinin are involved in branching and stimulating bud initiation.

4. Abscisic Acid: Abscisic acid controls the dormancy of buds and seeds, inhibits shoot growth and is
involved in regulating water loss from plants.

5.Ethylene: Ethylene promotes abscission of leaves and fruits, inhibits shoot elongation and inhibits
lateral bud development.
Advantages of Tissue Culture
1.The plantlets are obtained in a very short time with a small amount of plant tissue.
2.The new plants produced are disease-free.
3.The plants can be grown throughout the year, irrespective of the season.
4.A large space is not required to grow plants by tissue culture technique.
5.This technique is being used for the production of ornamental plants such as dahlia, orchids, etc.

Disadvantages of plant tissue culture

1.If large scale production is being thinking, the costs of the equipments are very expensive.
2.There may be error in identifying of the organisms after tissue culture.
3.Infections may be continue through generations easily if precautions are not taken.
4.The procedure needs special attention and diligently observations.
REFERENCES:-

• NCBI ARTICLE
• 12th biology book