Specialized Management

Practices
• Windbreaks/ Shelter Trees
• Chemical and Physical Control of Growth
and Development
• Shading
• Windbreaks/ Shelter Trees
 • Windbreaks/ Shelter Trees

A planting usually made up of one or more rows of trees

or shrubs planted in such a manner as to provide shelter
from the wind and to protect soil from erosion.
 • Windbreaks/ Shelter Trees

• Kamagong (Diospyros blancoi)

One of the hardest wood in the country, also

dubbed as iron wood. It also have deep roots
that make it an effective windbreak.
 • Windbreaks/ Shelter Trees

• Pili (Canarium ovatum)

 • Windbreaks/ Shelter Trees

• Katmon (Dillenia philippinensis)

 • Windbreaks/ Shelter Trees

• Dao (Dracontomelon dao)

 • Windbreaks/ Shelter Trees

• Bignay (Antidesma bunius)

 • Windbreaks/ Shelter Trees

• Nara (Pterocarpus indicus)

 Control of growth and
development

Inter cellular controls: involves in changes in gene expression that

influence cellular activities through altering the kind of the protein to the cell.

Intra cellular controls: focus on hormones (phytohormones)

 Control of growth and
development
Intra cellular controls: focus on hormones (phytohormones)
Auxin is a powerful growth hormone naturally produced by plants. Auxins
are found in the shoot and root tip of the plants to promote cell division,
stem and root growth.

Gibberellins are plant growth regulators that facilitate cell elongation,

help the plants to grow taller. They also play major roles in germination,
elongation of the stem, fruit ripening and flowering.

Cytokinins are plant-specific chemical messengers (hormones) that

play a central role in the regulation of the plant cell cycle and
numerous developmental processes.

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key hormone involved in tuning responses to

several abiotic stresses and also has remarkable impacts on plant
defense against various pathogens.

Ethylene is a group of plant growth regulators which are widely used

for ripening fruits and for the production of more flowers and fruits.
 Control of growth and
development

Inter cellular controls: involves in changes in gene expression that

influence cellular activities through altering the kind of the protein to the cell.

Intra cellular controls: focus on hormones (phytohormones)

Extra cellular controls: Any change in the environmental condition that may
adversely affect the growth or development in pant is called biological stress. This
stress occurs mainly due to temperature, water, salinity, shade, light , and various
pollution.
Chemical and Physical Control of
growth and development
Chemical and Physical Control of
growth and development
 Chemical and Physical Control of
growth and development

Achieved by adding or applying chemicals on the

crops to help improve their growth and development
 Chemical and Physical Control of
growth and development

Fertilization

The supplemental application of plant nutrients

to crop plants.
 Chemical and Physical Control of
growth and development
• Fertilization
Nitrogen: Used by plants for lots of leaf growth and good
green color.

Phosphorous: Is used by plants to help form new roots,

make seeds, fruit and flowers. It's also used by plants to help
fight disease.

Potassium: Helps plants make strong stems and keep

growing fast..
 Chemical and Physical Control of
Step 1. Conduct Soil Testing: growth and development
• Fertilization
The goal of soil testing is to provide an accurate assessment of
the soil's fertility to make fertilizer recommendations.

Step 2. Land preparation

It typically involves (1) plowing to "till" or dig-up, mix, and overturn the
soil; (2) harrowing to break the soil clods into smaller mass and
incorporate plant residue, and (3) leveling the field.

Step 3. Apply fertilizer

Apply the recommended fertilizer that the soil needed based
on the result of the conducted soil testing.
 Chemical and Physical Control of
growth and development

Pesticide application

The application of chemicals to control or

prevent pests like insects, fungi, and weeds that
can affect plant growth.
 Chemical and Physical Control of
growth and development
Insecticides: Insecticides are substances used to kill
insects. They include ovicides and larvicides used against • Fertilization
insect eggs and larvae, respectively. • Pesticide application

Fungicides: Fungicides are biocidal chemical compounds

or biological organisms used to kill parasitic fungi or their
spores.

Herbicides: Herbicides, also commonly known as weed

killers, are substances used to control undesired plants, also
known as weeds
Chemical and Physical Control of
growth and development
 Chemical and Physical Control of
growth and development

Light

Plants have evolved throughout time in different locations throughout

the world. Some plants developed in tropical locations under the
canopy of large trees while others developed on slopes of harsh
mountain ranges.

For this reason, plants have adapted to different types of light. There
are some plants that cannot adapt easily to a new condition. It is
important to understand the type of light that your plants need and then
provide it for them if you want them to grow.
 Chemical and Physical Control of
growth and development

Temperature

Weather or temperature plays an important role in plant growth.

Plants will slow down or speed up their growth rate based on the
temperature. Warm temperatures encourage growth and
germination. A warmer temperature will actually trigger a chemical
reaction inside the cells of a plant and this will speed up respiration,
transpiration, and the photosynthesis process
 Chemical and Physical Control of
growth and development

Water

In order to survive, plants have to have water. Most plants are made up of
nearly 90 percent water. Without the appropriate amounts of water, plants
will be stressed and eventually die. Even plants that live in the desert such as
the cactus need water, they just need less of it than other types of plants.
Water provides plants with nourishment and hydration. Water that is in the
soil will break down minerals and other elements of the soil. When the plants
absorb water through their roots, they will also be picking up nutrients that
will travel to the cells of the plant.
Shade
 Shade

Shading can be employed to reduce weed growth as well

as to prevent sun scorch. Some uses of shade came
together with the introduction of new crops in the course
of time
 Shade

In hot climates around the world, vegetables and

cut flowers are grown under shade cloth to reduce
heat and light intensity, resulting in better quality
and higher yields.
 Shade

Providing shade is essential in order to reduce heat stress.

Shade will intercept radiation from the sun and can reduce
heat loads on cattle by up to 30%. Natural shade provided
by trees is ideal but is difficult to provide in many
situations. Providing artificial shade will also work well
 Shade
PHOTOPERIODISM
 Shade
PHOTOPERIODISM

• Photoperiodism is a response of plants to the relative lengths of light

and dark periods.
• Some plants require periodic exposure to light to induce flowering
• Duration of dark period is equally important for flowering
 PHOTOPERIODISM

Long Day Plants: Plants that require exposure to light

for a long period to induce flowering.

Short Day Plants: Plants that require exposure to light

for a less than critical period to induce flowering.

Day Neutral Plants: Plants where there is no

correlation between exposure to light duration and induction
of flowering