 For machining advanced materials used in aerospace as well as

biomedical industries like alumina, silicon nitride and zirconia.

 Cutting is the commonly used techniques to machining these advanced
materials including operation like forming, shearing and grinding.

 Abrasion grinding using diamond and cubic boron nitride is a predominant

conventional method .
But there are a no. of limitations in conventional grinding method like-

Edge Micro
High cutting forces
Chipping Fractures

Sub surface High plastic

damages deformations
 High frequency oscillations ranging between 20- 60 kHz are used.
 magnetostatic transducers are used to produce high frequency vibrations.
 Bonding
Abrasive grains
material
 High hardness, Toughness, Wear resistance are the
desired properties
 Diamond and cubic boron nitride are used.

 Performance of grinding wheel depends on grain and its size , bond material,
concentration and strength of bond.
 The process is characterised by following parameters-
Spindle speed = VS Feed rate = VF and Amplitude of vibration = A
 Creation of cavities and initiation of cracks- lateral and median
and propogation of voids and cracks through micro chipping
 Classification :
 On the basis of mode of vibration :

One Dimensional Two Dimensional

UAG UAG

 1D- axial UAG.  Work piece vibrates along two directions

 1D-vertical UAG. simultaneously forming a nearly elliptical
geometry.
 1DAUAG produces lower surface
deformations and superior surface
roughness.
 1DVUAG produces lower grinding forces.
a. Conventional grinding b. UAG
  Very high values of work piece temperature is found in UAG as compared
to conventional grinding, which affects the mechanical properties and
surface roughness.
 edge chipping is still a major problem concerned with machining of
ceramics and other super alloy elements .so further research should be
done to reduce the edge chipping phenomenon.

 Use of biodegradable lubricants is needed to increase to make the

process more economical and environment friendly.

 There are very few studies have been reported on surface integrity or
surface topography of the machined component

 Limited studies are reported which considered the tool bond type
and abrasive grit size as tool variables since these also are
considered to affect the quality of the surface being machined