Haldia Institute of
Technology
Name : Deepak Pandey
Class Roll : 16/ME/113
University Roll : 10300716113
Registration No. : 161030110457
Stream : Mechanical Engineering
Session : 2016 – 2020
Subject : Technical Report Writing & Language Lab Practice
Submitted To : [Link] 1
Acknowledgements
I thank my parents for their
valuable feedback regarding
the contents of this report. In
particular , I acknowledge the
valuable suggestions and ideas
received from my sister .
I would like to thank my
friends who helped in giving
the finishing touch to this
report and completing it.
-Deepak
Pandey
2
Table of Contents
TOPICS:
1. Introduction PG No.
2. Home School Benefits 06
3. Famous Homeschoolers 07
4. Home School Schedules 09
5. Home School v/s Private Schools 14
6. Negative Aspects of Home 16
Schooling
18
7. Home School & Socialization
21
8. International Status and
Statistics 25
9. General Criticism 29
[Link] 31
[Link] 32
[Link] 33
3
[Link] 37
Summary
Homeschooling – that is, parent-led home-based
education; home education – is an age-old
traditional educational practice that a decade
ago appeared to be cutting-edge and
“alternative” but is now bordering on
“mainstream” in the United States. It may be the
fastest-growing form of education in the United
States. Home-based education has also been
growing around the world in many other nations
(e.g., Australia, Canada, France, Hungary, Japan,
Kenya, Russia, Mexico, South Korea, Thailand,
and the United Kingdom).
A demographically wide variety of people
homeschool – these are atheists, Christians, and
Mormons; conservatives, libertarians, and
liberals; low-, middle-, and high-income families;
black, Hispanic, and white; parents with PhDs,
GEDs, and no high-school diplomas. One study
shows that 32 percent of homeschool students
are Black, Asian, Hispanic, and others (i.e., not
White/non-Hispanic)
Families engaged in home-based education are
not dependent on public, tax-funded resources
for their children’s education. The finances
associated with their homeschooling likely
represent over $27 billion that American
taxpayers do not have to spend, annually, since
these children are not in public schools.
4
The research base on adults who were home
educated is growing; thus far it indicates that
they:
o participate in local community service more
frequently than does the general population,
o vote and attend public meetings more
frequently than the general population
o go to and succeed at college at an equal or
higher rate than the general population
o by adulthood, internalize the values and
beliefs of their parents at a high rate
There are many more pros and cons of home
schooling or home education which is explained
in details in the main text.
5
Introduction
The first question people typically ask about
homeschooling is, “Why would you want to do
that?” After taking a look at the following
homeschool information, you'll want to ask
yourself, "How could I not home school?“
Homeschooling, also known as home education,
is the education of children inside the home.
Home education is usually conducted by a parent
or tutor. Many families use less formal ways of
educating. "Homeschooling" is the term
commonly used in North America, whereas "home
education" is commonly used in the United
Kingdom, Europe, and in many Commonwealth
countries.
Before the introduction of compulsory school
attendance laws, most childhood education was
done by families and local communities. In many
developed countries, homeschooling is a legal
alternative to public and private schools. In other
nations, homeschooling remains illegal or
restricted to specific conditions, as recorded by
Homeschooling international status and statistics.
A demographically wide variety of people
homeschool – these are atheists, Christians, and
Mormons; conservatives, libertarians, and
liberals; low-, middle-, and high-income families;
black, Hispanic, and white; parents with [Link].,
GEDs, and no high-school diplomas. One study
shows that 32 percent of homeschool students
are Black, Asian, Hispanic, and others (i.e., not
White/non-Hispanic) 6
Home Schooling Benefits
Be careful! Once you are
aware the ways
homeschooling benefits
children and families,
there is no turning back.
Let's take a look at the
benefits of homeschooling.
Here are of the many
Benefits to
Homeschooling:
Homeschooling centers life on family - not
school. When children are in school,
relationships with teachers and friends
compete with loyalty to parents and siblings.
School schedules and homework assignments
take priority over family time, and children
may be taught values that conflict with those
taught in their homes. Homeschooling allows
families to operate as teams. Moms and dads
are confidants. Siblings are best friends.
Schedules are set according to the family's
needs, and children are taught their parents'
values. At home, decisions meet the needs
of the child - not the needs of a classroom or
school system. Children are treated as
7
individuals, and are truly known and loved.
Homeschooling provides a safe learning
environment. No one would fault a gardener
for shielding a seedling from the frost, yet
parents are often criticized for sheltering
young children from the teasing, bullying and
negative peer pressure that occurs in public
schools. Public school students are exposed to
verbal and physical assault, drug abuse, and
sexual misconduct. While it is true that some
students escape unharmed, why take the risk?
Children who learn at home do so in an
environment free of mental, physical and
emotional abuse. They are given time to grow
the roots they need to stand during life's
storms.
Homeschooling results in a superior
education. Even public school officials believe
parents should be involved in their children's
education. Yet many parents go no further
than signing report cards and asking, "What
did you learn at school today?" At home,
parents assess their children's strengths and
weaknesses, and provide an education suited
to their children's learning styles and
interests. Homeschooling statistics show that
this tailored environment produces academic
achievement that is superior to that of public
schools. Homeschool graduates leave home
with the tools to learn and a love for learning.
They spend their school years thinking and
exploring - not memorizing facts that are
forgotten soon after the test.
8
Famous HomeSchoolers
The following list of famous homeschoolers
includes artists, athletes, authors, businessmen,
composers, entertainers, explorers, inventors,
military leaders, photographers, presidents,
religious leaders, scientists, statesman, U.S.
Supreme Court Judges, and women who were
homeschooled at some point of their education :
9
Inventors
Alexander Graham Bell
Benjamin Franklin
Cyrus McCormick
Eli Whitney
Thomas Edison
Orville Wright
Wilbur Wright
Artists
Claude Monet
Grandma Moses
Leonardo da Vinci
Rembrandt Peale
Entertainers
Alan Alda
Charlie Chaplin
Christina Aguilera
Dakota Fanning
Hanson
Hillary Duff
Jennifer Love Hewitt
Justin Timberlake
LeAnne Rimes
Louis Armstrong
Whoopi Goldberg
10
Authors
Agatha Christie
Alex Haley
Beatrix Potter
C.S. Lewis
Charles Dickens
George Bernard Shaw
Hans Christian Anderson
Louisa May Alcott
Margaret Atwood
Mark Twain
Phillis Wheatley
Pearl S. Buck
Robert Frost
Virginia Woolf
Composers
Felix Mendelssohn
Irving Berlin
John Philip Sousa
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Scientists
Albert Einstein
Blaise Pascal
Booker T. Washington
George Washington Carver
Pierre Curie
11
Businessmen
Andrew Carnegie
Colonel Harland Sanders
Dave Thomas
Joseph Pulitzer
Ray Kroc
Statesman
Alexander Hamilton
Daniel Webster
Patrick Henry
William Jennings Bryan
William Penn
Winston Churchill
Presidents
Abraham Lincoln
Andrew Jackson
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
George Washington
Grover Cleveland
James Garfield
James Madison
John Adams
John Quincy Adams
John Tyler
Theodore Roosevelt
Thomas Jefferson
William Henry Harrison
Woodrow Wilson 12
Religious Leaders
Brigham Young
Dwight L. Moody
Joan of Arc
John & Charles Wesley
William Carey
Women
Abigail Adams, wife of John
Adams
Clara Barton, started the red
cross
Florence Nightingale, nurse
Martha Washington, wife of
George Washington
Susan B. Anthony, women's
rights leader
13
Homeschool Schedules
Parents who send their children to public school
often ask how we manage our homeschool
schedules. I wonder the same of them.
I can't imagine waking 3 children while it's still
dark outside, packing lunches, serving breakfast,
dropping the 2 oldest at different schools, waking
the baby to pick them up, signing permissions
slips, supervising homework, etc.
When educating at home, families can design
their own homeschool schedules. Single and
working parents can schedule the bulk of their
teaching time for weekends. Night owls can
complete their assignments after dinner. Early
birds can complete their schoolwork before
lunch.
Homeschoolers don't lose 6 valuable daytime
hours sitting in desks and waiting on others, only
to spend their evenings completing assignments.
Because they are not tied to a school holiday and
vacation schedule, they can do the bulk of their
schooling in the winter when it's too cold to go
outside or in the summer when it's too hot for
anything but the pool.
14
They can car school on the road with dad when
he travels or stay up late to accommodate mom's
work schedule. This flexibility also serves the
needs of athletes, missionaries and entertainers.
How Much Time is Required?
Most people assume homeschoolers sit at the
kitchen table doing workbooks for 6 hours per
day. While that may be true for some families, I
taught my son kindergarten reading and math in 1
hour per day as opposed to the 6 hours he would
have spent in a traditional kindergarten
classroom.
Homeschooling generally only requires a fraction
of the time spent by public schools, as public
schools must spend time:
• Taking attendance
• Passing out papers
• Bringing the class to order
• Getting children to line up
• Taking restroom breaks
• Addressing discipline issues
• Changing classes
Waiting on others to finish their assignments.
Add to that lunch and recess, and you see that
little classroom time is left for actual instruction
- no wonder they assign homework.
Homeschoolers spend their time in the real
world, and what's more, while the other kids are
in school we get the parks, museums and
swimming pools to ourselves. 15
Homeschool v/s Public School
Since most of us were taught in classrooms, it can
be difficult to understand how children can be
well-educated at home.
Home schools provide the perfect atmosphere for
educational and emotional development. Here are
some of the advantages of learning in a home
environment:
• Adults in a homeschool setting are familiar
with and committed to the success of each child
as an individual. Although most public school
teachers are also committed to seeing children
succeed, they have more difficulty getting to
know each child on a personal level, and must
sometimes sacrifice the needs of individual
students to meet the needs of the class.
• Homeschool students are taught in a diverse,
cooperative environment. Unlike public school
classrooms, where children are segregated by age
and are often in classes with those who share
their race and socioeconomic status, children who
are homeschooled learn in a multi-age, real world
environment. Instead of competing with peers for
grades and attention from instructors, children
learn to work to their full potential, while
encouraging siblings to reach their full potential,
as well.
16
• Home is a safe environment. Homeschoolers
learn in an atmosphere that is free from the
teasing, taunting and bullying that can leave
children with lifelong scars. Children who are
homeschooled have time to mature emotionally,
physically and academically without having to
worry about facing ridicule and negative peer
pressure from friends.
• Home schools provide consistency and
security. Instead of changing teachers,
classrooms, and sometimes schools from year to
year, homeschoolers remain in a familiar,
comfortable environment. Because they don't
have to adjust to new classes and instructors,
children can focus their attention on the main
thing - learning.
• Homeschools provide an atmosphere of
freedom and flexibility. Because homeschooling
is more efficient than public schooling, children
have more time to pursue their interests and
hobbies. Parents also have the flexibility to
choose curriculum and teaching methods that fit
their children's learning style; thus, creating an
environment where children can not only
survive, but thrive!
17
Negative Aspects of
Home Schooling
More parents are choosing to homeschool their
children because they see the many benefits of
homeschooling, differences in ideology and
issues with public school policy are only a few
reasons why some parents choose
homeschooling over public or private schools.
When considering enrolling a child in a
homeschool curriculum, there are many
different factors to consider. While there are
many positive aspects of homeschooling, there
are also the negative aspects of homeschooling.
In this article, we will explore some of the
disadvantages of homeschooling.
Time
When parents take the responsibility of
educating their children at home, they may
need to set aside time to make it work. The
task of homeschooling a child is certainly not
easy, especially for working parents, single
parents or stay-at-home parents. They have to
take time to organize and prepare lessons,
teach, give tests, and plan field trips.
Homeschooling is a full-time commitment and
to make sure that the child receives a quality
education, parents need to invest time and
18
effort needed.
Cost
In comparison to public schools, where education is
free, homeschooling can be costly. Purchasing the
newest curriculum and teaching tools can be very
expensive. Parents may choose to use a paid
homeschooling program, such programs may have
added benefits, but may increase the cost of the
child’s education. There are also other costs to
keep in mind, like project materials, stationery,
books, computer software, and field trips. Parents
who choose to home school their children should
be prepared to spend more money than parents
who send their children to public schools.
Socialization
Home schooled children may not have as many
opportunities to interact with other children in
comparison to children who attend regular schools.
Forming bonds and socializing with children their
own age is important for the child’s developmental
health and development of social skills. If home
schooled, they may be deprived of the chance to
form friendships and may suffer socially. Of course,
they can make friends with other home schooled
children, but it is quite different when special
effort has to be made to arrange meetings. The
lack of socialization may affect them in later
stages of life.
19
Lack of Facilities
It is quite impossible that a home can be as well-
equipped as a regular school in terms of facilities.
For classes that require experiments like physics
and chemistry, it can be hard to get all the
necessary chemicals, materials, apparatus, and so
on. The home would also lack facilities for sports
like swimming pools, running tracks, gyms, and
fields.
Patience
One of the reasons why homeschooling is bad is the
fact that parents may lose patience when they are
trying to educate their children. Some parents may
be too overbearing or impatient, which may cause
the child to react in a negative manner. It is may
be hard for parents to draw the line between
educator and parent in the child’s mind.
Motivation
One of the most glaring negative effects of
homeschooling is the matter of motivation. Some
children need to be challenged to excel in their
studies. In this sense, they thrive when they are
involved in some competition. Children who are
homeschooled would not have this motivation
because most of them are educated separately.
20
Homeschooling & Socialization
As a potential homeschooler, I was worried about
homeschooling and socialization. I now realize
homeschool socialization is on of the main benefits
of home education.
Concerns about the social disadvantages of
homeschooling are usually related to one of the
following questions:
[Link] will your child learn to stand in line, raise
his hand before speaking, take turns, etc.? My
children learn good social skills as we live our lives
together. We stand in line at the grocery store, we
greet our neighbors, and we take turns letting each
other speak. I coach my children in their day-to-day
interactions, and they also learn from watching me.
My children may never perfect the art of waving
their hands in the air, shouting "me, me - pick me,"
and they may never learn the phrase, "no cuts, no
buts, no interrupts," but they will know how to
behave properly in social settings.
[Link] will your child learn to handle bullies? When
was the last time you were physically threatened,
taunted, groped or sexually harassed? I haven't
experienced any of the above since I graduated from
high school. 21
School creates a perfect environment for bullying
and victimization. Children who are bullied don't
learn to handle bullies, they learn to tolerate being
bullied. Those who can't tolerate it suffer terribly,
sometimes hurting themselves or others.
As an adult I have had to deal with difficult people,
but I have never been forced to endure daily taunting
or physical assault, nor have I had to interact with
those who would engage in such behavior.
Homeschooling and socialization allows parents to
shield their children from negative encounters until
they have developed the self-confidence and
maturity to handle them.
[Link] will your child learn to be around different
types of people? Public school students spend their
days in a room with children who are their same age,
socioeconomic status and, more often than not, race.
These children quickly learn that older kids do not
play with younger kids, girls don't play with boys, rich
kids don't play with poor kids, and so on.
As an adult I don't sit in a room full of other thirty
year olds, taunting the person next to me because
she has a big nose and wears glasses. I don't want my
children on the giving or receiving end of that
unsocial behavior.
School is an artificial environment. Real life
encounters teach children to appreciate diversity.
22
[Link] will your child make friends/learn to be a
good friend?
According to Hold On to Your Kids, early dependence
on peer relationships can cause disrespect, bullying,
victimization, rebellion and other undesirable
behaviors in children. The authors, Gordon Neufeld
and Gabor Mate, believe children need relationships
with loving adults - not other children.
As an adult, I model respect, kindness, selflessness
and other traits my children need to be good
friends. I have never understood the concept of
sending kids to school to learn how to treat each
other. How can someone who doesn't know how to
share teach my child to be a good friend?
Socialization
Using the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale,
John Taylor later found that, "while half of the
conventionally schooled children scored at or below
the 50th percentile (in self-concept), only 10.3% of
the home-schooling children did so." He further
stated that "the self-concept of home-schooling
children is significantly higher statistically than that
of children attending conventional school. This has
implications in the areas of academic achievement
and socialization which have been found to parallel
self-concept. Regarding socialization, Taylor's results
would mean that very few home-schooling children
are socially deprived. 23
In 2003, the National Home Education Research
Institute conducted a survey of 7,300 U.S. adults who
had been homeschooled (5,000 for more than seven
years). Their findings included:
Homeschool graduates are active and involved in
their communities. 71% participate in an ongoing
community service activity, like coaching a sports
team, volunteering at a school, or working with a
church or neighborhood association, compared with
37% of U.S. adults of similar ages from a traditional
education background.
Homeschool graduates are more involved in civic
affairs and vote in much higher percentages than
their peers. 76% of those surveyed between the
ages of 18 and 24 voted within the last five years,
compared with only 29% of the corresponding U.S.
populace. The numbers are even greater in older
age groups, with voting levels not falling below 95%,
compared with a high of 53% for the corresponding
U.S. populace.
58.9% report that they are "very happy" with life,
compared with 27.6% for the general U.S.
population. 73.2% find life "exciting", compared
with 47.3%.
24
International status
And
Statistics
Homeschooling is legal in some countries. Countries
with the most prevalent home education movements
include Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United
Kingdom, Mexico, Chile and the United States. Some
countries have highly regulated home education
programs as an extension of the compulsory school
system; others, such as Sweden, Germany and most
European countries have outlawed it entirely. Brazil
has a law project in process. In other countries,
while not restricted by law, homeschooling is not
socially acceptable or considered desirable and is
virtually non-existent.
Australia
Home education or homeschooling, in Australia is
much the same as elsewhere. Some reasons as to
why people choose to homeschool is because it's a
lifestyle choice, some people choose to home
educate so that they can travel and spend quality
time with their kids.[67] Some children learn
differently to the general crowd and can get bored
or can struggle at school, where the teachers are
unable to cater for the individuality of each child.
25
Homeschooling requires government registration,
with different requirements from state to state.
Some home educators prefer to be regulated, but
others question whether the government has any
legitimate authority to oversee the choices parents
make to raise and educate their children. Curricular
help is offered by the Australian Government.
Many organizations exist to help parents and
teachers with home education. The HEA (Home
Education Association) is one support organization,
having grown through local support networks. The
HEA does not produce educational material, but
offers support to families choosing to homeschool.
Brazil
Homeschooling in South America has not taken hold
as it has in North American countries of Canada and
the United States. In 1824, Brazil permitted home
education to take the place of traditional education
for nearly 70 years. In 1990, however, The Statute of
Children and Adolescents, or the Estatuto da Criança
e Adolescente, prohibited homeschooling and did
not recognize it as a legitimate form of education. A
resurgence in the homeschooling movement,
however, has encouraged congressman Lincoln
Portela to introduce a new bill that would allow
children to be educated at home if parents followed
state approved guidelines.
26
Canada
Homeschooling is legal in all provinces and territories
in Canada and has been for 40 years. The Ontario
Education Act, for example, states in Section 21(2)(a)
that "A person is excused from attendance at school
if [...] the person is receiving education elsewhere".
Canada is known as having some of the most
comprehensive legal protections for homeschooling
parents in the Americas. Some provinces have
implemented policies that require parents to notify
school boards of their decision to homeschool. Every
province requires parents to notify the school system
of their intent to withdraw their child from the
public school system and to begin home education.
Five of ten provinces additionally require parents to
submit a detailed curriculum to the state. Seven of
these provinces do not require the program to be
monitored by the school board or other private
school administrators, and only five provinces require
routine inspection of home education. These policies,
however, are not law; although Canadian legislators
recognize the importance of state controls in the
homeschooling environment, it is ultimately up to
the parent to decide when and how to homeschool.
Despite a positive environment that supports and
encourages alternatives to traditional schooling, it is
estimated that less than .5% of Canadian families
were homeschooling in 2015. This number is probably
inaccurate, however, as many parents do not report
their decisions to homeschool.
27
Israel
Homeschooling is legal in Israel, and requires
acquiring a permission from the Ministry of
Education. The permission involves a home visit from
the person in charge of handing out the permissions,
and writing a letter describing the motives,
curriculum, daily routine and socialization of the
children. Unschooling is legal, and the requirements
are minimal. The reasons for homeschooling in Israel
are very similar to those of the rest of the world,
with the exception of religious motives, since
religious schools are prevalent. There is unclear
information regarding the number of Homeschooling
families, since not all families ask for permission,
and many homeschool their children without
enlisting. Estimates range between 500-1000
families.
South Africa
Home education was outlawed in South Africa before
1994, and families were jailed for not sending their
children to school. With the acceptance of the South
African constitution in 1994, home education was
legalized per implication. This was acknowledged
with promulgation of the SA Schools Act of 1996 in
which home education is accommodated in art. 51.
Since home education was legalized, it has grown
exponentially. According to the census count of 2011,
there were about 57 000 home learners in the
country, putting South Africa in the top five countries
in terms of number of home learners.
28
General Criticism
By contrast, SAT and ACT
tests are self-selected by
homeschooled and formally
schooled students alike.
Some homeschoolers
averaged
higher scores on these college entrance tests in
South Carolina. Other scores (1999 data) showed
mixed results, for example showing higher levels for
homeschoolers in English (homeschooled 23.4 vs
national average 20.5) and reading (homeschooled
24.4 vs national average 21.4) on the ACT, but mixed
scores in math (homeschooled 20.4 vs national
average 20.7 on the ACT as opposed homeschooled
535 vs national average 511 on the 1999 SAT math).
Some advocates of homeschooling and educational
choice counter with an input-output theory, pointing
out that home educators expend only an average of
$500–$600 a year on each student, in comparison to
$9,000-$10,000 for each public school student in the
United States, which suggests home-educated
students would be especially dominant on tests if
afforded access to an equal commitment of tax-
funded educational resources.
29
Opposition to homeschooling comes from some
organizations of teachers and school districts. The
National Education Association, a United States
teachers' union and professional association, opposes
homeschooling.
Opposition in Germany
Up until 1920, homeschooling in Germany was seen
as an acceptable practice under certain
circumstances. With the rise of the Weimar Republic
and the Nazi regime, homeschooling was seen as an
anti-nationalistic and subversive practice that could
undermine children's loyalty to their country. The
Reichsschulpflichtgesetz, implemented in 1938,
effectively banned all homeschooling with criminal
consequences for anyone found practicing.
Homeschooling wouldn't become a public concept
until the 1980s. In 1989, Helmut Stücher removed his
children from the public school system to begin home
schooling. Stücher and others who followed suit were
fined, and some even lost child custody. It wasn't
until the unification of Germany in 1990 that
education law was reformed and homeschooling was
allowed under strict observation and extreme
circumstances. Today, however, homeschooling
remains illegal. A 2007 ruling of the German federal
court argued that homeschooling was simply another
form of child abuse.
30
Conclusion
After this long discussion and looking at the stats. Is
it possible to that home schooling can cause positive
traits reported above. However, the research designs
to date do not conclusively “prove” that
homeschooling causes these things.
At the same time , there is no empirical evidence
that homeschooling causes negative things compared
to institutional schooling. Future research may
better answer the question causation.
Right now , this system is being followed in a very
few countries.
In India there are a very few practitioners of this
system because of the current education scenario.
Until this system will be followed on a larger basis ,
this is very difficult to say anything about the pros
or the cons of this system. The details inscribed in
this report are the discussions which generally takes
place.
31
Recommendation
Looking at the current scenario of education in our
country “INDIA”. This seems that the education
system we are following is not up to the mark to
give the optimum satisfaction.
Students are unable to recognize their talents and
are just running towards a few subjects like ants
following each other. Every person wants to become
engineer and doctor and only opt for mathematics
and science. People consider other subjects as low
level subjects and don’t go with their talents and
finally lose the race .
We need to look at this and at least give this system
or some other system a try.
32
Appendix
33
Motivation Stats
For
Home Schooling
Motivations
Other Reasons
Child has a mental or health problem
Child has other special needs
Interest in a non-traditional approach to education 34
Number of Home Schooled
students in U.S.
Increasing no. of Home Schooling
2,000,000 Students
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
0
Number of Students
Year 1999 Year 2003 Year 2007 Year 2015
Total Number of Home Number
Schooled Students in U.S.
2015 1,770,000
2007 1,535,000
2003 1,160,000
1999 875,000
35
ACT Score Comparison
SCORE COMPARISON
Home Schooling Private Catholic Public
27
26
25
ACT SCORE 24
Total Number of Home Number
Schooled Students in U.S.
Home Schooling 27
Private 26
Catholic 25
Public 24
36
References
The above findings are extensively documented in
one or more of the following sources, and most are
available from [Link]:
A Sense of Self: Listening to Homeschooled
Adolescent Girls. Susannah Sheffer, 1995.
Academic achievement and demographic traits of
homeschool students: A nationwide study, Brian D.
Ray, 2010, Academic Leadership Journal,
[Link]
African American homeschool parents’
motivations for homeschooling and their Black
children’s academic achievement. Ray, Brian D.
(2015a). Journal of School Choice, 9:71–96.
Does homeschooling or private schooling promote
political intolerance? Evidence from a Christian
university. Cheng, Albert. (2014). Journal of School
Choice: International Research and Reform, 8(1),
49-68.
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Thank You
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