Information Processing Cycle

What is the Information

Processing Cycle?
 These are the steps that are taken to
convert raw facts, which is data, into
information. It starts with data
collection.
 The 4 basic operations of the
information processing cycle are input,
processing, output, storage and/or
distribution.
 A computer is the machine that
performs the cycle.
 1. Input:

 In this phase the computer receives

data from input source by user or a
program. An input source by user can
be an input device like keyboard,
mouse, microphone etc.
 2. Processing:

 After receiving data, here the computer

performs actions on the data like
mathematical operations or logical
comparisons etc. as per being
instructed by user or a program.
 3. Output:

 After processing the data computer

has generated information that now
can be sent to output. Output can be
sent for display in monitor, or to printer
or speaker as sound etc. It is also as
per required by the user or program.
 4. Storage:

Again, after processing the data, computer can
also store the data into an storage device for
future use.

 Phase output and storage, are optional. Both of

them can be required and vice-versa, as the
generated information can also be directly used
by another processing cycle where this
generated information will be treated as data to
be processed.
IP Cycle:
Start with a cow:
 The cow is at the
beginning of the IP
Cycle.
 This is the
origination- Putting
through thoughts
into words.
 This is dealing with
raw data or facts
that have been
collected already.
Production:
 Eating is just a
natural part of life
for cows.
 This the production
part of the
information
processing cycle.
 Production-Keying
the originators text
into the computer.
Process:
 Milk is used for
many different kinds
of good foods.
 This action of
milking the cow can
be considered part
of the process-
editing,
proofreading and
revisions.
Output:
 After milking the cows,
farmers have to get the
milk ready to transport
to the manufacturer.
 This is the Output part
of the IP Cycle.
 Output- printing out the
document (hardcopy)
of reading it from the
screen (softcopy)
Storage:
 Once the manufacturer
has the milk, the milk
has to be pasteurized.
 This is can be
considered the storage
part of the cycle.
 Storage-saving the
document on a USB or
filing it in a filing
cabinet.
Replication:
 Once the milk is
pasteurized it can
be made into many
different kinds of
milk products.
 This is like
Replication- making
copies of the
document.
Distribution:
 Finally, the products
are sent to retail
stores so that we
can buy them.
 This is Distribution-
getting the finished
documents to the
receiver by hand or
electronically (fax or
email).
 Your Analogy!
 Your assignment now is to come up
with your own Information Processing
Cycle analogy.
 You must be creative with your
analogies.
 They must include: Origination,
Production, Process, Output, Storage,
Replication, and Distribution.
 Analogy Cont’d:
 You can use any object, animal or food
for your analogies.
 Here are some examples:
– Dishwasher
– Car
– Sandwiches
– Washing Machine
 Analogy Cont’d:
 You can work in pairs or you can do this on
your own.
 Remember to keep the analogies clean and
appropriate!.
 As well, you must show the connection
between your analogy and the actual
Information Processing Cycle.
 Remember to Include:
 Origination- the raw data or facts
 Production- keying the data into the
computer
 Process- editing and proofreading
 Output- printing out the document
 Storage- saving the document
 Replication- making copies
 Distribution- emailing finished product
Application software program
 An application is any program, or
group of programs, that is designed for
the end user.
 Applications software (also called end-
user programs) include such things as
database programs, word processors,
Web browsers and spreadsheets.
 Examples of Application
Software
 The most common application
software programs are used by
millions every day and include:
Microsoft suite of products (Office,
Excel, Word, PowerPoint, Outlook,
etc.) Internet browsers like Firefox,
Safari, and Chrome.
Application software diagram
 applications sit on top of systems
software because they are unable to run
without the operating system and system
utilities.
 Systems software consists of low-level
programs that interact with the computer
at a very basic level. This includes
operating systems, compilers, and utilities
for managing computer resources.
 different types of application
software
Depending on the level of language used there
are different types of application software:

1) Word processing 5) Communication

software. ... Software. ...
2) Spreadsheet 6) Presentation
Software. ... Software. ...
3) Desktop Publishing 7) Internet
Software. ... Browsers. ...
4) Database Software. 8) Email Programs.
...