Basics of Computers

By :Sailee Surve (N2011004326) Sub : New Developments in IT

Session topics

Introduction Brief History of computers Categories of Computers The Hardware Components of a Basic Computer System Software Basics Maintaining Your Computer System Security, Privacy, and Ethics Computer Applications in Education

Introduction

Computers play a key role in how individuals work and how they live. Many individuals use computers at home for educational, entertainment, and business purposes. In this session, we will see the basics about computers, the history of computers, the different categories of computers, hardware and software, and maintaining your computer.

Computer is an electronic device that executes the instructions in a program. A computer has four functions:

A. accepts data:- It means that the input your device gives a input to system. B. processes data:-The processing is made in microprocessor. C. produces output:- It means that the output device gives output to us. D. stores results: - The data store in storage device.

History of computers

Nearly 5,000 years ago the abacus emerged in Asia Minor. The abacus may be considered the first computer. The Father of computer an English mathematics professor, Charles Babbage. Charles Babbage designs a Difference Engine in 1820 or 1821 with a massive calculator designed to print astronomical tables. In 1933, Howard H. Aiken working with IBM, succeeded in producing an allelectronic calculator. Another computer development spurred by the War was the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC). In 1981, IBM introduced its personal computer (PC) for use in the home, office and schools. In1990, Microsoft introduces Windows 3.0. In 1992: Microsoft introduces Windows for Workgroup. In 1993: - Microsoft unveils Windows NT. In 1995, Intel introduces the Pentium Pro chip. From 1995 to 2006, the world saw the rise of the Internet era. Between 1996 and 2006 software (and data) moved away from peoples computers, and ended up in the cloud that is, online. Over the last three years, people realized that they didnt need a big powerful computer to do what they always did: a phone could do the job nicely.

Development of Computers

Personal computers Servers Mainframes Laptop PDAs

Personal computer

Servers
In information technology, a server is a computer program that provides services to other computer programs (and their users) in the same or other computers.

Minicomputers
Minicomputers have been standalone computers sold to small and mid-size businesses for general business applications and to large enterprises for department-level operations.

Mainframes
A mainframe is a high-performance computer used for large-scale computing purposes that require greater availability and security than a smaller-scale machine can offer.

Laptop

PDAs

Components of a basic computer

Software Basics

There are two main types of software

System Software Application Software

Maintaining Your Computer System

Dos:

Always shut down your computer properly. Do regular Scandisk to check the hard disk surface for damage. Defragment the hard drive periodically. Back up data to floppy disks or zip disks to ensure you have a copy.

Don't: Do not eat around the computer. Do not drink around the computer. Do not use magnets around a computer.

Maintaining Your Computer System

Taking Care of disks

Do:

Delete all files you no longer need from your disk. Use a anti virus program to scan for viruses on a disk. Do prevent erasing and recording information on a disk by writeprotecting it.

Don't :

Do not take a disk apart. Do not remove the disk while it is in use. Do not store in extremely hot or cold locations. Do not spill liquids on the disk. Do not format a disk many times.

Security, Privacy, and Ethics

Security Computers can store both public and private data. Password protect the material. Caution when giving out personal information.

Information Privacy Respect the property, rights, and privacy of others.

Computer Applications in Education

Management Computers are used in a variety of ways in the educational field. School management such as budget, inventory, student records, communications, library. Circulation, and library public access catalog. Educational Research Computers are widely used in educational research. Performance data in new and revealing ways. Bibliographic citations of studies performed by educators around the world can be acquired and perused from the desktop computer and much more..

Thank you!!!