USE OF LIBRARY,

STUDY SKILLS & ICT 1

(CST111)

INTRODUCTION
TO THE
COMPUTER SYSTEM (2)
Week 3 ¡ Lecture Note
The CST111 Team @2023
RECOMMENDED TEXT
§ Ayo C.K., Ikhu-Omoregbe N.,
Osamor V.C., Adebiyi M. O.
(2011): “Fundamentals of
Computer Application.” Rehoboth
Publications int’l Ltd. Lagos. ISBN
978-978-917-275-7. 348 pages.
§ CHAPTER 1
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Recommended Textbook
§ Ram B., (2007). “Computer Fundamentals:
Architecture and Organization” 4th
Edition, New Age International Publishers,
New Delhi, India. ISBN: 978-81-224-2446-1

§ CHAPTER 8 & 9.

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 Learning Objectives
§ To highlight the schematic diagram of a digital computer.
§ To define what a Computer Software is.
§ To explore various types of the Computer Software.
§ To highlight the functions of these various Software.
§ To Learn How to Setup & Prepare to Use a Computer
§ To explore the (Dis)Advantages of using a Computer.
§ To learn System Care, Safety Precautions & Ergonomics.
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 Lecture Outline
1. The schematic diagram of a digital computer.
2. What is a Computer Software?
3. Types of Computer Software.
4. Functions of these various Software.
5. How to Setup & Prepare to Use a Computer.
6. Advantages & Disadvantages of using a Computer.
7. Care, Safety Precautions & Ergonomics for Users
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 1. A Digital Computer
vA computer is an electronic device
that accepts data (Input),
transforms the data (Process),
based on a set of specific computer
instructions (Programs) to generate
information (Output).
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 1. A Digital Computer (2)
vThus, a computer performs 4 basic
functions:
1. Accepts data (Input),
2. Transforms data (Process),
3. Generates Information (Output),
4. Stores Data (Memory/Storage).
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The Computer System (Recall)

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Computer Parts & Functions
10/16/23
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Computer Schematic Diagram
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THE MODERN COMPUTER
Modern Computers are
ELECTRONIC and DIGITAL.

They can be described in

terms of their HARDWARE
and SOFTWARE.
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 2. Computer Software
v Software is a set of specific instructions that
are used to operate computers and execute
specific tasks or jobs.
v It is the opposite of Hardware.
v It’s a generic term used to refer to applications,
scripts & programs that run on hardware devices.
v Software (SPIRIT), Hardware (BODY & SOUL).
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 3. Types of Software
vTHREE Main CATEGORIES of SOFTWARE:

1. System Software
2. Application Software
3. User Software
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 System Software (1)
v It is the Most IMPORTANT software on a Computer.
v Designed to run & manage a computer's hardware and
programs installed on the computer.
v Interface between the hardware & user applications:
q OPERATING SYSTEM (OS) – Windows, Linux, MacOS
q LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS – Compiler, Interpreter, Assembler
q SYSTEM UTILITIES – diagnostic tools, antivirus, FMS, Backup
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 Application Software (2)
v A set of PROGRAMS that run on the System Software.
v Designed to execute specific generic task/application.
v Categories:
Ø MESSAGING: ZOOM, WebEx, Skype, MEET, WhatsApp, Telegram…
Ø WORD PROCESSING: Microsoft Word, Word Perfect, WPS Office…
Ø SPREADSHEET: Microsoft Excel, Google Sheets, Zoho Sheet, …
Ø PRESENTATION: Microsoft Powerpoint, Google Slides, Prezi, …
Ø DATABASE: Microsoft Access, MySQL, Oracle DB, …
Ø GRAPHICS: Adobe Photoshop, Corel Draw, CANVA, …
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 User Software (3)
v THIRD PARTY Licensed Software.
v Designed to accomplish user’s defined/specific purpose.
v Examples:
ü PAYROLL SOFTWARE.
ü INVENTORY SOFTWARE.
ü HUMAN RESOURCE / PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE.
ü RESULT PROCESSING SYSTEM.
ü PROCUREMENT & SALES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.
ü AIRLINE BOOKING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.
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Layers of Computer Software

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Layers of Computer Software

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 4. Functions of Software
v SYSTEM Software:
Ø Examples: Operating System, Language Translators, Utilities.
Ø Function – runs/manages the entire computer system.

v APPLICATION Software:
Ø Examples: Ms. Word, Excel, Powerpoint, Access, Photoshop, Canva
ØFunction – executes general & specific tasks.
v USER Software:
Ø Examples: Payroll, Inventory, Human Resources, Booking, Sales, …
Ø Function: executes user-defined specific tasks and purpose.
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 5. Using the Computer
1. Setting Up the Computer using the User Manual:
Ø Properly position & fix all the computer hardware parts.
Ø Connect the various parts with the appropriate cables.

2. Power Up the Computer:

Ø Booting Process – Follow the steps as the Operating System loads.
Ø Correctly set all the system basic Info: Date, Time, Country, …

3. Install & Use the various Application/User Software:

Ø Properly install software for use: application and user software
Ø Explore & Use the system: use the system for your tasks.
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 6. Advantages of Using the
Computer System
1. Offers Faster Data Processing Speed.
2. Improves Productivity and Job Turn-over.
3. Guaranteed Better Accuracy of Job Execution.
4. Better Handling Large & Complex Jobs.
5. Consistency in Results Produced and Generated.
6. Provides Job Automation and Computation.
7. Large storage for Data and Information.
8. Data security and Information protection, etc.
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 6. Disadvantages of Using the
Computer System
1. Risk of Violation of Privacy –Hacking, Theft, Leak,...
2. Public Safety/Insecurity – Cybercrime, Terrorism, …
3. Health Hazard – Repetitive Stress Injury (RSI), Carpal Tunnel
Syndrome (CTS): Body Pains, Blurry Vision, Strained Joints, etc. …
4. Unemployment – Loss of Employment.
5. Environmental Hazards – computer & electronic wastes.
6. Media Negative Influence/Manipulation – Fake News
7. Over-reliance of Computer – Personality Disorder
8. Mental Health due to overuse – Depression, Loneliness
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 7. Computer System Care
vHARDWARE Care:
Ø Clean the dirt on your hardware w/o damaging their parts.
Ø Use very light clothes with cleansers on monitors screens.
Ø Use soft brushes on keyboards and use sprays on stains.
Ø Contact certified experts to fix & repair faulty devices.

v SOFTWARE Care:
Ø INSTALL licensed and verified software on your computer system.
Ø Update installed software regularly.
Ø Install licensed antivirus & keep it updated.
Ø Uninstalled & delete any unwanted and unusable software.
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 8. Ensuring Safe Use of the
Computer System
1. Health Safety: healthy posture, take breaks, exercise, …
2. Mental Health Safety: guard your mind, set limits, …
3. Personal Information Safety: password, biometrics…
4. Security Safety: keep your devices in secured space…
5. Cyber/Web Safety: Be Alert, Secure WIFI, 2FA, Firewall…
6. Data Safety: Backups regularly, trusted web storage, …
7. Social Media Safety: Beware of scammers, impostors, …
8. Personal Identity Safety: protect your PI, chat alertness.
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9. Computer Use Ergonomics
vComputer Ergonomics addresses ways to optimize
your computer workstation.

v Improving the health, safety, and comfort of your work

space in order to...

v Reduce the specific risks of computer vision syndrome,

neck and back pain, and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS).

v It helps to greatly reduce the risk of other disorders

affecting the muscles, spine, and joints.
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 9. Ergonomics TIPS
v NECK, BACK, TORSO, & SHOULDERS:
Ø Posture: Maintain the nature “S” curve of your spine.
Ø Neck: keep it straight and slightly forward
Ø Sitting: ensure 90o angle between Trunk and Thigh.
v ARM:
Ø Posture: Forearm PARALLEL to the floor when typing.
Ø Support: get well-padded palm, wrist and arm rests/supports
v EYES & VISION:
Ø Monitor: Use very good screens & adjust brightness and contrast.
Ø Viewing: slightly below your horizontal line of sight.
Ø Eye Breaks: Take short eye breaks at intervals to rest your eyes.
https://inside.lanecc.edu/safelane/ergonomic-information 25
https://inside.lanecc.edu/safelane/ergonomic-information 26
https://inside.lanecc.edu/safelane/ergonomic-information 27
https://inside.lanecc.edu/safelane/ergonomic-information 28
 10. PEOPLEWARE
vCOMPUTER USERS & PROFESSIONAL:
Ø Programmers: writes/develop computer programs.
Ø Web Developers: designs & creates Websites.
Ø System Analysts & Designers: uses IT to solve business prob.
Ø Product Manager: manages software product objectives
Ø System Administrator: supports various Comp. users.
Ø Network Engineer: plans, implements & oversees Ntwk
Ø Database Admin: maintains, secures & operates Dbases.
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 TAKE HOME ASSIGNMENT 2
1. Highlight five (5) additional categories of APLICATION SOFTWARE, and
list 5 examples of such existing software products.

2. Highlight 10 other key Computing Users/Professionals and briefly

describe what their jobs entails.
ü Which of these professionals catches your great interest? Why?

Ø Your answers MUST be HANDWRITTEN on a Clean Sheet of Paper (STATING YOUR

DETAILS at the TOP); then take a very clear SNAPSHOT of the Paper & UPLOAD your
ASSIGNMENT file on MOODLE before next class.

Ø Submission is expected via the CU LMS, www.moodle.cu.edu.ng

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