Lightening protection using 1

lfa-m

GANDHI INSTITUTE FOR TECHNOLOGY

DEPT. OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Submitted by: Submitted to:

SURYAKANTA MALLICK Prof. SIBANANDA MISHRA
1601298288 (HOD of EE)
Prof. DEBASHIS NANDA
Contents 2

 Introduction
 Types of lightening strokes
 Lightening protection system
 What is LFA-M?
 Block Diagram
 Design of LFA-M
 How LFA-M protects the system?
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Lightening…
3

What is it…?
 Takes place when clouds are charged to a
high potential
 Electrical discharge between a cloud and
earth
 A huge spark...

Types of Lightening Strokes...

1. Direct stroke
2. Indirect stroke
Lightening - Direct Stroke 4

 Lightening discharge is directly from a

cloud to overhead line.

 From the line, current path may be

over at the ground.

 The over voltage setup due to the

stroke may be large enough to
flashover this path directly to the
ground.
Lightening - Indirect Stroke 5

 Results from electro statically induced

charges on the conductors.

 (+ve) ly charged cloud induces (-ve) charge

right under the cloud on the line and (+ve)
++++++
charge away from it. -------
-- -

 When cloud discharges to earth, (-ve) charge

rushes along both directions in form of
++++
travelling wave. ++
Lightening protection system 6

 A system designed to protect a structure

from damage due to lightening strikes.

 Intercepts such strikes and safely passes

their extremely high voltage currents to
“ground".

 Provides a low-impedance path for the

lightning current to lessen the heating
effect.
Lightening protection system...
7

Traditional Designs...
 Majority of nowadays- traditional “Franklin System”-
providing low impedance path

 “Franklin System”-A system of

 lightning protection conductors
 lightning rods -installed on the roof of the building to
intercept any lightning before it strikes the building.

 This has 3 main parts.

 The roof circuit
 Interconnection to grounding electrodes
 Grounding electrodes
Lightening protection system... 8

Non-traditional Designs...

 Aim is to reduce the number of air terminals

required by a traditional Franklin-type
system.
 Reduce the overall cost of the protection
system.
 Mainly in two categories.
 Systems that provide an increased zone of
protection
 Systems that eliminate lightning strikes
altogether.
Non-traditional protection 9
designs..
Non traditional
protection
designs

Early Laser Charge

Radioactive
streamer induced transfer
rod systems
emission systems systems
LFA-M....?
10
What is it..?
 Long flashover arrestors.

 Devices which capture the high voltage

sparks resulting out of lightening.

 ‘M’ indicates that it is for the protection of

medium overhead transmission lines.

 Can be applied for protection of distribution

lines.
LFA-M....? 11

 Induced over voltages can be

counteracted by installing a single
arrestor on an overhead line support.

 For direct lightening -arrestors are

connected between poles and all the
phase conductors in parallel with the
insulators.
Block Diagram.... 12

a) block diagram b) electric schematic c) arrester testing

DESIGN OF LFA-M 13

 An LFA-M arrester consists

of two cables like pieces.
Each cable piece has a Semi
semi conductive core of conducti
resistance R ve core

 The cable pieces are

arranged so as to form 1
three flashover modules
1,2,3. 2

3
 How LFA-M protects the 14
system?
(1)A lightning impulse causes
a spark over of the spark gaps

(4)All three
modules are
(2)Resistance assured of
carries a high (3)Same
creeping
potential U resistance
discharges into
applies a 0
a single long
potential
flashover
channel.
LFA Loop type.... 15
Advantages.... 16

 LFA-Ls help avoid both conductor

burnouts and overhead power lines
outages caused by lightning induced over
voltages.

 Extend the working life of high voltage

circuit breakers.

 Protect electric networks against arc over

voltages.
Advantages.... (cntd) 17

 Cannot be destroyed by lightning currents

as metal oxide arresters, gapped silicon
carbide arresters or expulsion tubes since
currents are flowing outside of LFAs.

 Are not stressed by operational voltage

and do not require maintenance.

 It protects from 0.4 to 10 kV power

distribution
Disadvantages.... 18

 Efficiency can only be increased by

number of flash over modules.
 Cost of installation.
References 19

 www.edufive.com
 Google
 sadiqmsk.blogspot.com
 https://www.scribd.com
 20

THANK YOU !!!!!!

 21

Any Queries ???