URDANETA CITY College of Engineering

UNIVERSITY And Architecture

Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta

Q202 Electric Distribution and Transmission System Midterm Exam

Name: Leonardo T. Valdez Date: Dec. 16, 2020
I. Fill in the Blanks (15 points)
1. Surge protection minimizes the risk of damage from lightning strikes, voltage and power surges and
transient voltages by blocking or redirecting unwanted surge current to earth.
2. Lightning protection device prevents damage to electrical equipment from over-voltage transient
events by blocking or redirecting surge current to the ground instead of passing through the equipment.
3. Capacitor are commonly used in distribution system for reactive power compensation
4. Distribution capacitors are type of Capacitors installed close to the load, on the poles, or at the
substations.
5. Transformer Its main function is to receive energy transmitted at high voltage from the generating
station, by either step-up or step-down the voltage to a value appropriate for local use and provide
facilities for switching
6. Busbar It is a term we use for a main bar or conductor carrying an electric current to which many
connection may be made.
7. Disconnect switch are used to isolate electrical distribution circuits by interrupting the flow of
electrical current for service and maintenance.
8. Circuit Breaker is used to interrupt circuits in Distribution system while current is flowing through it
using different mediums like, vacuum, oil and SF6 to quench the arc during opening or interrupting.
9. Current Transformer (CT) is a type of transformer that is used to step down or reduce the
alternating current for metering purpose.
10. Potential transformer (PT) is a type of transformer that is used to step down or reduce the
alternating voltage for metering purpose.
11. Utility Pole are usually held up by wooden poles or steel towers to transmit electrical energy across
large distances
12. Underground Distribution System An electrical supply system employing underground structures,
cables, and other equipment located under designated areas along public ways or utility easements
13 Lightning Arrester is a device used on electrical power system and telecommunications systems to
protect the insulation and conductors of the system from the damaging effects of lightning.
14. Expulsion Type Arrester This type of arrester is also called ‘protector tube’ and is commonly
used on system operating at voltages up to 33kV.
15 Voltage regulation use to regulate the voltage in the distribution system.
II. Enumeration (50 points)
1.Six (6) Advantages and Three (3) Disadvantages of Overhead Distribution or Transmission
Lines
Six Advantages of Overhead Distribution
1. High Power transmission.
2. Low installation and material cost.
3. Long-distance transmissions.
4. The fault or damage in overhead lines can easily locate.
5. Maintenance of the line is easier.
Three Disadvantages of Overhead Distribution
1. As it is exposed to the surroundings the safety risk is high.
2. A continuous pathway for the line creates obstructions.
3. Vulnerable to lightning strikes
2. Five (5) Advantages and Two (2) Disadvantages of Underground Distribution or Transmission
Lines
Five Advantages of Underground Distribution or Transmission Lines
1. Safe Operation
2. Good General Appearance
3. Prone Maintenance Cost
4. Less Maintenance Cost
5. Less Fault Occurrence
Disadvantages of Underground Distribution or Transmission Lines
1. High Capital Cost
2. Can’t Use for High Voltage Levels
3. Ten (10) Types of Capacitor Installations
1. Road Gap Arrester
2. Sphere Gap Arrester
3. Horn Gap Arrester
4. Multiple-Gap Arrester
5. Impulse Protective Gap
6. Electrolytic Arrester
7. Expulsion Type Lightning Arrester
8. Valve Type Lightning Arresters
9. Thyrite Lightning Arrester
10. Auto valve Arrester
4. Seven (7) Types of Arresters
1. Rod gap arrester
2. Horn gap arrester
3. Multigap arrester
4. Surge gap arrester
5. Sphere gap arrester
6. Electrolyte type arrester
7. Metal Oxide Arrester
5. Five (5) Types of Substations
1. Step-up Transmission Substation.
2. Step-down Transmission Substation.
3. Distribution Substation.
4. Underground Distribution Substation.
5. Substation Functions.
6.Ten (10) Elements or Parts of a Substation
1. Primary power lines.
2. Ground wire.
3. Overhead lines.
4. Transformer for measurement of electric voltage.
5. Disconnect switch.
6. Circuit breaker.
7. Current transformer.
8. Lightning arrester.
9. Main transformer
10. Control building
7. Two (2) Type of Test on Distribution Transformers
1. Routine Tests
2. Type Tests
III. Draw a Set up Circuit Diagram of a Short and Open Circuit Test on Distribution Transformer
(10 Points)

IV. Computation ( 25 points)

A laboratory short and open circuit test is conducted on a A 100 kva, 7620/240 V, single phase
transformer. Below are the results of the test.
For Short Circuit Test : ( HV side Energized)
Vsc = 186.9 Volts Isc = 13.12 Amperes Psc = 676 watts
For Open Circuit Test: (LV side Energized)
Voc = 240 Volts Ioc = 1.272 Amperes Poc = 202.6
A) Determine the Series and Shunt Impedance of the Transformer.
186 676
z eqA= =14.18 Ω reqA = =3.93 Ω
13.12 13.122
xeqA=√ ¿ ¿

From open circuit test

2402
leq L= =284.304 Ω
202.6
2 2
1
Xm
=
√[ 1.272 A
240 ] [
−
1
284.304 ]
xeq L=252.23Ω ans .

B) Compute for the percent Impedance (%Z) using two Solutions

(240)2
100
leq L= =576.6 Ω
100

%z= ( 14.18
576.6 )
×100=2.5 %∨3 % ans.

C)Compute for the X/R Ratio of the Transformer

X 13.62
= =3.5 ans .
R 3.93

Good Luck!