Skimming – selective reading of

material

 Preview if the material contains the information needed

 Overview – the purpose & scope of the material
 Survey – the general idea contained in the material
Scanning – a quick search for a
specific information

 Keep in mind only the specific information to be located

 Decide which clues will help to find the required information
 Move eyes as quickly as possible down the page to find the clue
 Read the section containing the clues to get the needed
information
Skimming and scanning are especially valuable when there is
only one item of information that you need to find from a
particular passage.

 Skimming and scanning are very rapid

reading methods in which you glance at a
passage to find specific information. These
reading methods make it easier for you to
grasp large amounts of material,
especially when you're previewing. They
are also useful when you don't need to
know every word.
 Skimming refers to the process of reading only main
ideas within a passage to get an overall impression of
the content of a reading selection. An example of this is
when we read the title of a newspaper to know what
happens everyday.
How to skim:

1.Read the title.

2.Read the introduction or the first paragraph.
3.Read the first sentence of every other
paragraph.
4.Notice any pictures, charts, or graphs. *
Notice any italicized or boldface words or
phrases.
5.Read the summary or last paragraph.
 Scanning is a reading technique to be used when you want
to find specific information quickly. In scanning you have a
question in your mind and you read a passage only to find
the answer, ignoring unrelated information.

How to scan:

1.State the specific information you are looking for.

2.Try to anticipate how the answer will appear and
what clues you might use to help you locate the
answer. For example, if you were looking for a
certain date, you would quickly read the
paragraph looking only for numbers.
3.Use headings and any other aids that will help you
identify which sections might contain the
information you are looking for.
4.Selectively read and skip through sections of the
passage.
SQ3R
 Survey – skim the material for its content & organization
 Question – check the section headings & ask questions to set you
purposes for reading
 Read – read to answer questions that were earlier formulated
 Recite – answer the questions without referring back to the material
 Review – check how well you remember the major ideas
Comprehensive reading – slow & careful reading to extract
information & understand a material containing a great
deal of information
1. Vocabulary recognition

2. Sentence comprehension
a. sentence analysis
b. recognizing punctuation clues
c. recognizing reference terms
d. recognizing signal words
- addition: and, as well as, besides
- cause-effect: hence, due to, as a result
- condition: if, when, unless
 - contrast: but, though, despite
- comparison: like, unlike, in the same way
- emphasis: above all, really, in effect
- sequence: first, later, eventually
- examples: for example, that is

3. Paragraph analysis

4. Interpreting illustrations
  Examine the reliability of the material
Critical reading
 Distinguish facts from opinions

 Draw inferences from the material

UNDERSTANDING PASSAGES
A.Noting Details – a factual type of reading comprehension in
which the reader is directly concerned with remembering the
items within the passage

 Be definite about your purpose in reading a selection.

 Read the passage slowly and carefully.
 Remember the details in relation to ideas you want to remember
 Distinguish main or big ideas from sub ideas
B. Getting the Main Idea – finding the most important
thing an author is trying to say
 Find out what common ideas the sentences share
 The presentational style may provide clues in finding the main
idea
 The main idea is the important information about the topic
 A topic sentence may or may not contain the main idea
 See to it that the main idea statement is not so general that it
suggests information that is not given in the paragraph
Inferring – mentally exploring then taking a position in
relation to the facts & related details
Making Generalizations – relating the important
elements within a passage in order to combine
them into a principle, a generalization, or a
conclusion
 Know what topic is being discussed
 Take note of the facts presented whether implied or directly stated
 Find out how the sentences are related to one another in content
 State a general idea that will include all the sub-ideas expressed in
each sentence
Predicting Outcomes – identifying the relationships between
the given facts in order to identify an expected outcome or a
probable consequence based on certain tendencies or trends
observed

 Examine the available data and their

relationships
 Make conclusions or generalizations about the
topics presented
 Anticipate a possible outcome based on the
material read
INTENSIVE READING. This is a reading strategy which is characterized by deliberate
attention and deep concentration. It is reading for details. It is aimed at perceiving
implications. It is concerned with the profound and detailed understanding of the
text.
 INTENSIVE READING ACTIVITIES:
 Analyzing variant meaning of words, sentence structures, and paragraph
organization
 Recognizing style of presentation
 Visualizing or forming images, make them come to life and take on extra
dimension
 Drawing conclusions
 Inferring meanings
 Interpreting symbols
 Exploring implication
 Evaluating ideas, information, facts
EXTENSIVE READING. Comprehensive reading of long texts or books for the
purpose of discerning meaning is the art of extensive reading. It is reading
imaginatively, creatively, and critically.

EXTENSIVE READING ACTIVITIES

 Analyzing the author’s technique, his method of manipulating material

 Studying the author’s choice and use of words, his sentence and
paragraph structure
 Digesting the context of the text from different viewpoints and
perspectives
 Re-creating the thought and experience of the author
 Evaluating the validity of ideas, accuracy of information on the basis of
experience