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EXPLICIT AND
IMPLICIT
CLAIMS IN A
TEXT
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CLAIMS
 Is a statement that is not considered
accepted by all. A claim may be unverified
or controversial to a certain degree. It is
usually related to one side of an issue.
 It is also called a position.
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3 KINDS
OF CLAIMS
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1. Claims of FACT
 Claims of facts relate to a statement that can be
verified, no matter how difficult. They are not
dependent merely on a person’s preference, but
can be true or false.

 Facts that are universally accepted are not

considered claims of facts because there is no
more disagreement about their truthfulness.
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1. Claims of FACT

 Claims of fact answered the questions

- Did it happen?
- Is it true?
- Is it a fact?
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Examples of Claims of Fact:

 Santa Claus is real.

 Cancer is not contagious.

 The earth is warming rapidly.

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2. Claims of VALUE

 Claims of value are evaluative statements.

They are statements about which is better,
more important, more desirable, more
needed, or more useful. They may also
relate to what is good or bad.
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Examples of Claims of Value:

 It’s more fun in the Philippines.

 This is a very good school.

 It is better to be feared than loved.

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3. Claims of POLICY

 Claims of policy are all about what

should be. They prescribe a particular
course of action that would lead to a
condition. They usually made in
relation to solving societal problems.
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3. Claims of POLICY

 Assert that specific policies should be

instituted as solutions to problems.
 Usually contain expressions such as
‘should, must or ought’
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Examples of Claims of Policy:

 The death penalty must be revived.

 A national ID system should be

adopted.
 Beauty contest should be banned.
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ANOTHER EXAMPLES:
 CLAIMS OF FACT:

Sometimes people use Facebook, Twitter, and other social

media to bully one another.
 CLAIMS OF VALUE:

It is wrong (or immoral) to use social media to bully people.

 CLAIMS OF POLICY

There should be criminal charges brought against people

who use social media to bully others.
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CONTEXT OF
TEXT
DEVELOPMENT
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HYPERTEXT
 A hypertext-enabled text contains highlighted
words or sequence of words that, when they
are clicked or tapped, takes the reader into
another text which is about the highlighted
sequence of words. When hypertext is
accessed through the internet, it is also called
a Universal Resource Locator (URL), more
commonly known as the web address.
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INTERTEXTUALITY
 Intertextuality is the idea that the
creation of a text is influenced by other
text. When a writer writes a text, he or
she do so in a way that ideas and
properties of a text are shaped by
ideas and properties of other text.
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Difference between HYPERTEXT AND
INTERTEXTUALITY

 Well a web page or a real

bound book can have intertext,
but only the web page can have
hypertext.
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RETELLING
 Is when an author restates what
other texts contain. It could be in
the form of a retelling of a narrative
or a re-expression of an idea or
concept.
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ALLUSION

 When an author directly or indirectly refers to an

idea or passage in another text without actually
quoting the text; an expression designed to call
something to mind without mentioning it explicitly
(directly) ; an indirect or passing reference.
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EXAMPLES OF ALLUSION

 She was a Good Samaritan when she

helped the older lady.
 He studies all the time and is a regular
Einstein.
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QUOTATION

 In this kind of relationship, the author directly

lifts a string of words from another text; a
group of words taken from a text or speech
and repeated by someone other than the
original author or speaker.
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PASTICHE
 Is a text written in a way that it imitates
the style or other properties of another
text, without mocking the text, as
parody.
 Pastiche is imitation of literary works.