GENETICALLY

MODIFIED
ORGANISMS
 Lesson Objectives
At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:
• Identify issues on genetically modified organism (GMO’s)
• Discuss Different implications and impacts of GMO’s; and
• Create a research paper on the impact of GMO’s in the Philippine context
 Introduction
• Rosalie Ellasus, a former overseas Filipino worker who successfully yielded
7.2 tons per acre as compared to regular yield of 4.2 tons per hectare. No
insecticide spraying needed. One of the success stories genetically modified
organisms.
• 1951 that the term genetic engineering was coined by Jack Williamson
• An antibiotic-resistant E. coli bacteria was created in 1973
 GMO
• GMO is the term used for an organism created through genetic engineering.
• The World Health Organization (WHO, 2014) defines GMO as an
“organism, either plant, animal, or microorganism in which the genetic
material (DNA) has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally by
mating or natural recombination.”
EXAMPLE OF AN GENETIC ENGINEERING IN PLANTS CELLS AND TISSUE
 GMO’s in FOOD and AGRICULTURAL
INDUSTRIES
• Pest Resistance
• Virus Resistance
• Herbicide Tolerance
• Fortification
• Cosmetic Preservation
• Increase Growth Rate
 GMO’s in Non-Food Crops and
Microorganisms
• Flower Productions
• Paper Productions
• Pharmaceutical Productions
• Bioremediation
• Enzyme and Drug Productions
• GMO’s in the medical Field
 BENEFITS of GMO’s
• Higher efficiency in farming
• Increase in Harvest
• Control in Fertility
• Increase in Food Processing
• Improvement of Desirable Characteristics
• Nutritional and Pharmaceutical Enhancement
• Reduce the Use of Fertilizer and Pesticides
 TOP FIVE COUNTRIES THAT OPERATE
GMO and APPROVE PUBLIC
CONSUMPTION
• UNITED STATES • Alfala
• INDIA • Corn
• BRAZIL • Papaya
• CANADA • Soya bean
• ARGENTINA • Sugar beets
• Squash
 POTENTIAL RISKS OF GMOs
• There are inadequate studies on the effects of GMOs to humans and the environment
• Genetic engineering promotes mutation in organisms to which term effect is still
unknown
• Humans consumption of GMOs might have the following effects:
• More allergic reactions
• Gene Mutations
• Antibiotic Resistance
• Nutritional Value
 Potential Environmental Risks Caused By
GMOs
• Risk in gene flow
• Emergence of new forms of resistance and secondary pests and weed
problems
• Recombination of Virus and Bacteria to Produce New Pathogens
 Direct Environmental Risks are:
• May cause disruption of the natural communities through competition or interference
• The possibility of unexpected behavior of the GMOs in the environment
• May cause harmful effects to ecosystem processes
• The May cause negative impacts to the consumer of GMO products
 Indirect Environmental Risks are:
• May have impacts to biodiversity caused by the alteration in agricultural
practices
• May have varied environmental impacts due to GMOs interaction and release
in the natural environment
• Alteration of agricultural practices like managing negative impacts of GMOs
to the environment such as evolution
 Potential Human Health Risks caused by
GMOs
• Consumption of GMOs may have adverse effects since it is not naturally or organically produced;
• Consumption of GMOs may alter the balance of existing microorganism in the human digestive
system;
• Production of toxins may be detrimental to human health; and
• Production of allergens may have adverse effects on humans
• Other Potential risks that raise major concern are:
• Human Genome Project (HGP)
• Mutation of genetically engineered microorganisms
• Cloning
 Biosafety on GMOs
• The Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex)
• The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)
• (World health Organization (WHO)
• Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
• International Trade Agreement on Labeling of GM food and food products
 GMOs in Philippine Context
• The GMO concern started in the 1990s with the creation of the (NCBP)
• December 2002, there are 70 GMO applications approve
• 2004, the Philippines was classified by the international service for acquisition of agri-biotech applications
• 2006, the Philippines became part of the Cartagena protocol on biosafety
• 2010, the organic agriculture act was issued
• 2012, Representative Teddy Casino, together with congressmen, filed a bill pushing for the mandatory
labeling of GM food and food products.
• December 2015,the supreme court ordered to put an end to the field testing of GMO
• March 7,2016, five government agencies passed a Joint Department Circular No.1, Series of 2016 on rules
and regulations in accordance to GMOs.
 PPT by GROUP 1- CE11FB1
• Abarra, Aidan Karl • Bartolome, Madelyn
• Aguillon, Romar • Magan, Gideon Paul
• Alcera, Junell Paul • Febrero, Emmie Rey
• Baldomar, Cedrick • Buenavista, Catherine
• Ballaran, Daryl Ken Mae
• Baronia, Rhea Ginez