Warm – Up

• Practice worksheet 3.1

• Practice identifying and using the correct formula
which is necessary to solve a problem
• Compound Interests and Annuities
 LOGARITHMIC
FUNCTIONS AND
C

THEIR GRAPHS
Section 3.2
Objectives
• Students will be able to…
• Decipher between and use each interest and exponential
application formula
• Determine the difference between a present value and future
value annuity
• Switch between exponential and logarithmic forms
• (Evaluate logs and natural logs)
Definition of Logarithmic Function
• For x > 0, a > 0 and a ≠ 1,
𝑦 = log 𝑎 𝑥 , if and only if 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑦

• The function given by

𝑓 𝑥 = log 𝑎 𝑥 is called the logarithmic function with base a

• Logarithms are exponents (log 𝑎 𝑥 is the exponent to which a must

be raised to obtain x.
Switching Forms
• 2 = log 3 9 can be re – written as 9 = 32 (3 to what power is 9?)

• 53 = 125 can be re – written as log 5 125 = 3

Practice
• “The Meaning of Logarithms” Worksheet
• Problems 1 – 20

• _______ minutes
Closure – Exit Ticket
• On a note card(provided by Miss Young)
• Write your name! (please)
• Write the equation in exponential form: log 4 64 = 3
3Τ
• Write the equation in logarithmic form: 9 2 = 27

• Hand your note – card to Miss Young on your way

out the door
• Have a great day!!
Warm – Up
• Write the equation in exponential form: log 4 64 = 3

3Τ
• Write the equation in logarithmic form: 9 2 = 27
Objectives
• Students will be able to…
• Evaluate logs and natural logs
• Use inverse symmetry to connect exponential and
logarithmic graphs
• Recognize and transform the parent graph of log
functions
Evaluating Logarithms
1) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑥 , x = 32 2) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥 , x = 1

1
3) 𝑓 𝑥 = log 4 𝑥 , x = 2 4) 𝑓 𝑥 = log10 𝑥 , x =
100
Practice: Evaluate the Logarithm
1. y = log216

1
2. y = log2( )
2

3. y = log416

4. y = log51
Common Logarithmic Function
• The logarithmic function with base 10
• Denoted: log10 or just log
• This is the log function on your calculator

• Example: Evaluate the function 𝑓 𝑥 = log 𝑥 at each value of x

1
1) x = 10 2) x =
3

3) x = 2.5 4) x = -2
Properties of Logarithms
1. loga 1 = 0 since a0 = 1.
2. loga a = 1 since a1 = a.
3. loga ax = x
4. If loga x = loga y, then x = y. one-to-one property

Examples:
1. Solve for x: log6 6 = x 2. Simplify: log3 35
 Properties of Natural Logs
• (Ln is the exact same idea as logs. Ln is in base e. Logs are (usually) base 10)
1. ln 1 = 0 since e0 = 1.
2. ln e = 1 since e1 = e.
3. ln ex = x
4. If ln x = ln y, then x = y. one-to-one property

Examples: Simplify
1
ln 2  3 ln e ln 1
e 
 Graphing Logarithmic Functions
• The graphs of inverse functions are reflections of each other in
the line 𝑦 = 𝑥

• Sketch the graph of 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥

• Sketch the graph of 𝑓 𝑥 = log 2 𝑥

𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥
Graphing Logarithmic Functions
• Plug in x – values that work nicely
• (Can’t use calculator when not base 10)
• Example: Graph 𝑓 𝑥 = log 3 𝑥
(state the changes, VA and x-intercept)
Graphing Logarithmic Functions
• Logarithmic Function: log 𝑎 (𝑥 − ℎ) + 𝑘

• “a” – shrink or stretch graph (changes shape)

• “h” – shifts the graph left or right (i.e. (x-2) shifts right 2)
• “k” – shifts the graph up or down (i.e. x + 2 shifts up 2)

• Negative log flips graph over x–axis

Graphing Logarithmic Functions
• Example: Graph log 3 𝑥 + 2
Graphing Logarithmic Functions
• Example: Graph log 2 (𝑥 + 3)
Practice
• Work on “Graphing Logarithms” worksheet (finish for
homework.
Closure
• Evaluate: log 4 64

• Solve for x: log3 x = log3 (2x + 1)

• Graph: log 2 (𝑥 − 1) + 4