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Slab Detailing
Slab Detailing
Section 9
SP : 34(S & T)-1987
Contents
• Minimum reinforcement
• Spacing(s)
• Cover
• Bar Diameters
• Simply supported one way slabs
• Simply supported two way slabs
• Restrained slabs
• Torsional reinforcement
• Re-entrant Corners
• Cantilever slabs
• Openings in Slab
Minimum reinforcement
• In solid RCC slabs, the minimum reinforcement expressed in terms of
% of gross-sectional area should not be less than:
1. 0.15 % for mild steel bars i.e 0.0015 bD
2. 0.12 % for HYSD bars i.e 0.0012 bD
bD= gross-sectional area
Spacing(s)
1. Main steel : S<= min(3d, 450mm)
2. Distribution steel : S<= min(5d, 450mm)
d=effective depth of slab.
Cover
• The cover at each end of reinforcing bar > 25mm and 2Ø.
• Minimum cover to reinforcement (tension, compression, shear) >
15mm and Ø.
Ø= diameter of reinforcement bar.
Bar Diameters
• Main steel : Ø >= 8mm (for HYSD bars)
Ø >= 10mm (for MS bars)
• Distribution steel: Ø >= 6mm
• Also Ø<= 1/8th D where D= depth of slab.
Simply supported one way slabs
• Ly/lx > 2 Ly= longer side of slab Lx= shorter side of slab.
• Short span is to be considered for design.
Main steel
Detailing requirements of one way slabs:
1. Slab thickness shall be indicated in both plan as well as section.
2. Where series of identical bars are used, it is customary to show
only one bar.
3. Bars in shorter direction(main reinforcement) are placed in bottom
layer, distribution slab is placed above it.
Distribution steel
Main steel
4. At least 50% of main reinforcement provided at mid span should
extent to the supports.
450
0.1 l
support midspan support
Shorter
side Main
steel
Detailing requirements of two way slabs:
1. At least 50% of main reinforcement provided at mid span should
extent to the supports.
2. The remaining 50% should extend to within 0.1lx or ly of the
support, as appropriate.
support
0.1 ly
450
support
0.1 lx
support midspan
support
General details of two way slab.
Restrained slabs
• When the corners of a slab are prevented from lifting it is known as
restrained slab.
• The slabs are considered as divided in each direction into middle
strips and edge strips.
450
>=0.15l1 >=0.15l2
>=0.1l1
450
Lx/5
Discontinuous edge
Continuous edge
top & bottom
Lx/5
Lx = Shorter span
Discontinuous edge
• For slabs in which only one edge is discontinuous, torsional
reinforcement equal to 3/8th of the area required for the maximum
mid-span moment per width in the slab is provided.
• Torsional reinforcement need not be provided at any corner contained
by edges over both of which the slab is continuous.
Corner with One Discontinuous End
Continuous edge Continuous edge
Continuous edge
Lx/5
Layer 2
Layer 3
Layer 4
Re-entrant Corners
• Diagonal reinforcement shall be placed at all re-entrant corners to
keep crack widths within limits.
Diagonal reinforcement
Cantilever slabs
• The main reinforcement shall be placed in the top of cantilever slab
extending to sufficient length over the support and back into normal
span.
≮Ld Main reinforcement
support
• Support to the top steel of cantilever slabs at spacings (for stools and
chairs) should preferably be specified in detailed drawing.
• The bending of the main bars should be such that they contribute to
the supporting of the steel, that is, bars that extend to the end should
have vertical bends, with a fixing bar at the bend.
Steel supporting chairs
≮Ld Main reinforcement
Bend
support
• The secondary steel at right angles to the support may be designed
and detailed to carry construction loading in the propped condition, if
necessary.
Bend
support
• The deflection in cantilever slabs can be reduced by the addition of
compression steel at the bottom. This would also be helpful in
counteracting possible reversal of bending moments.
Bend
support
Cantilever slab continuous over a brick wall
Secondary Steel Main Steel at top
Beam
Slab reinforcement
Beam reinforcement
Chair
Cantilever at the top of beams
• Where the weathering course is 30 mm or less, crank the-bars at a
slope not exceeding 1 in 6.
Slope <= 1 in 6
S<=30
Slab reinforcement
s
Cantilever Slab
• Ensure that the combination of top bars and stirrups is such as to
provide the required restraint.
• if a bar is laced over and under the beam bars, it is fully restrained
provided that the beam top bars are heavy enough and a stirrup is
within 50 mm of such bar.
• If the bar is not so laced, detail the steel to ensure the anchorage
against bursting.
Openings in Slab
• Special detailing for openings for lift shafts, large service ducts, etc, in
the floors shall be given in the drawing.
• Such openings shall be strengthened by special beams or additional
reinforcement around the openings.
• Due regard shall be paid to the possibility of diagonal cracks
developing at the corners of the openings.
• Where openings are small and the slab is not subjected to any special
type loading or vibration conditions.
• At least one half the quantity of principal steel intersected by the
opening is to be placed parallel to principal steel on each side of the
opening extending Ld beyond the edges of the opening.
• Diagonal stitching bars are put across the corners of rectangular holes
or so placed as to frame circular openings. They should be placed
both at top and bottom if the thickness of slab exceeds 150 mm. The
diameter of these bars should be the same as that of, the larger of the
slab bars, and their length should be about 80 diameters.
Bars parallel
to opening
extended up
to length Ld
beyond
edges of
opening
opening
Diagonal bars