INNOVATION

• Innovation is the practical implementation of idea

concept to ensure that the set aims on a commercial,
profitable basis in market environment.
• Innovation is therefore ideas that are faster, newer,
cost effective and possibly more aesthetical.
• Gilmartin locates innovation in between the
creativity and opportunity identification, which was
then broaden by Zimmerer as filtering process
should take place between the idea generation
process and innovation process.
• The innovation process is divided into 3
consecutive steps by Cummins

• The birth of an initial idea ( creativity )

• Development of idea
• Application of idea
Summary of
factors by
Cummins
innovation
process
Innovation is an entrepreneurial
instrument
• Drucker suggests that innovation is the
entrepreneurial instrument used to develop a
differentiated undertaking of problems and
ideas.
Entrepreneurs are a minority among new
businesses. They create something new,
something different, they change or
transmute values…they always search for
change, respond to it, and exploit it as an
opportunity – Drucker (1994:20)
• Drucker identifies seven resources of innovative
opportunities.
• The unexpected
• Incompatibility
• Innovation needs
• changes in marketing and industrial structure
• Demographic changes
• changes in perception, state of mind andn reason
• New knowledge
Conclusion
• An array of research interventions concentrate on
methodology (in a training context) to increase
“employee” creativity and innovation in the
workplace, thus placing emphasis on “corporate”
enhancement.
• Both the creativity and innovation form an integral
part of the total entrepreneurship training model.
THANK YOU