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Version 11
11.1, 11.2 11.3, 11.4
Version 12
12.1, 12.2 12.3, 12.4
Version 15 (LATEST)
Switches
Layer 2 Switches
Performs only Switching.
Layer 2 Switches
Switching as well as Routing can be performed.
Fundamental Terminologies
Serial
Clock Rate
Fast-Ethernet
Console
Auxilliary
Serial
It is used to make Peer to Peer connections between
two Routers.
Types of Serial
DCE: Data Communication Equipment
Clock-Rate is to be given here.
DTE: Data Terminal Equipment
Clock Rate
It’s used to tell how many bits to be sent per second.
Fast Ethernet
It’s used to connect LAN Devices.
Console
It’s used to configure Cisco device viz Router or Switch.
Auxilliary
It’s used for MODEM's connectivity. Can be used as a
Console cable for configuration purpose.
Flash
It’s used to store IOS.
It can be said that its Router's HDD.
Global
Configuration
Enable/ Mode
User Mode Privilege • Interface
Configuration Mode
Mode • Sub-Interface Mode
• Line Mode
• Router Mode
User Mode
Router>
Its used for user login.
Very basic commands can be used here.
Enable/Privilege Mode
Router#
Troubleshooting is done in this scenario.
this mode defines user privilege level by
"show $ privilege"
Global Configuration Mode
Router(config)#
In this mode, we configure Routers & Switches.
Example:
IP Addressing,
Password Setting
Routing Protocols configuration etc....
Interface mode:
Router(config-if )#
It’s used to put information on an
interface.
Sub-Interface Mode:
Router(config-subif)#
It’s used to make logical interfaces.
Router Mode:
Router(config-router)#
It’s used for Routing Protocols
RIP, EIGRP OSPF
Password Setting
Simple Text Password:
#enable $ password $ pune
Encrypted Password:
#enable $ secret $ pune
Console Password
#conf $ t
#line $ console $ 0
#password $ pune
#login
To Verify:
R# show ip route
Administrative Distance (AD)
It’s a unique value from 0 to 255.
AD is used by Routing Protocols to rate the
trustworthiness of routing information received.
Distance- Link-
Hybrid
Vector State
Routing
Routing Routing
Distance Vector Routing
It selects the route based on distance i.e. hop count.
When a packet cross a router i.e. called hop.
It will select the route, which provides a network after
crossing least hop.
eg: RIP
Link-State Routing
It’s also called shortest path-first Protocol .
It will send update based on the state of the link.
When a link Goes down or up it sends update.
eg: OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
Hybrid Protocols
Hybrid protocol use aspects of both distance vector and link
eg: EIGRP ( Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing
Protocol)
Routing Information Protocols(RIP)
RIP is a true distance-vector routing protocol.
RIP only use the hope count to determine the best path to a
remote network.
RIP sends the complete routing table out to all active
interface every 30 sec.
RIP maximum allowable next hop count of 15 by default.
It has two version.
Version 1
Version 2
Configuration for RIP Routing
R(config)# router rip
R(config-router)# network<connected network>
For RIPv2
R(config)#router rip
R(config-router)#version
R(config-router)#network <connected network>
To Verify:
R# show ip route
R# show ip protocol
R#debug ip rip
Switch provides
Reliable,
Manageable.
Good network design will improve performance
and also reduce the difficulties associated.
The design of larger LANs
includes:
An Access layer that connects end users into the LAN.
A Distribution layer that provides policy-based
connectivity between end-user LANs.
A Core layer that provides the fastest connection between
the distribution points.
Access Layer
The access layer is the entry point for user workstations and
servers to the network.
In a campus LAN the device used at the access layer can be
a switch or a hub.
Access Layer Switches
An access layer switch should provide its
functionality with low cost and high port density.
Catalyst 1900 Series
Light-stream 1010
Startup of The Catalyst Switch
Switches are dedicated, specialized
computers, which contain a CPU,
RAM, and an operating system.
A switch can be managed by
connecting to the console port to
view and make changes to the
configuration.
Switches typically have no power
switch to turn them on and off.
They simply connect or disconnect
from a power source.
Fundamentals
Once the power cable is connected, the switch initiates a
series of tests called the power-on self test (POST).
The System LED indicates the success or failure of POST.
Connecting a Switch to a Computer
RJ 45
Switch Command Modes
• Default mode ends with “>”
• Displays commands that change terminal settings,
USER MODE
perform basic tests, and display system information.
GLOBAL
CONFIGURATION
MODE
Verification Commands in Enable
Mode
IP Addresses
32 bits
version header Type of Service/TOS Total Length (in bytes)
(4 bits) length (8 bits) (16 bits)
flags
Identification (16 bits) Fragment Offset (13 bits)
(3 bits)
TTL Time-to-Live Protocol
Header Checksum (16 bits)
(8 bits) (8 bits)
Ethernet frame
Typical Addressing Plan for an Organization that uses
subnetting
Each layer-2 network (Ethernet segment, FDDI segment)
is allocated a subnet address.
128.143.71.0 / 24
128.143.0.0/16
128.143.16.0 / 24
128.143.7.0 / 24 128.143.8.0 / 24
128.143.17.0 / 24
128.143.22.0 / 24
128.143.136.0 / 24