Complete power supply

Transformer Coupling
a transformer is often used to couple the ac input voltage from the source to the
rectifier,

Transformer coupling provides two advantages.

First, it allows the source voltage to be stepped down as needed.
Second, the ac source is electrically isolated from the rectifier, thus preventing a shock
hazard in the secondary circuit.

𝑉𝑝𝑟𝑖 𝑁𝑝𝑟𝑖
=
𝑉𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑁𝑠𝑒𝑐
Voltage Input

𝑓 = 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 = 𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑧(𝐻𝑧)

𝑇 = 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑎 𝑜𝑛𝑒 1 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒

1
𝑇=
𝑓
RECTIFICATION
• rectificationis the conversion of alternating current (AC) to pulsating
direct current
Half-Wave Rectifier Operation
During the positive alternation

During the negative alternation

Vout
Half-Wave Rectifier Operation
The average value of the half-wave rectified
output voltage is the value you would
measure on a dc voltmeter

𝑉𝑝
𝑉𝑑𝑐 𝑜𝑟 𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = (for ideal diodes)
𝜋

The peak inverse voltage (PIV)

or PRV (peak reverse voltage)] it is the
voltage rating that must not be exceeded
in the reverse-bias region or the diode will
enter the Zener avalanche region.
Center-Tapped Full-Wave Rectifier
Bridge Full-Wave Rectifier Operation
Bridge Full-Wave Rectifier Operation