NEETHU M.

MAMMEN
Optional-English
Roll No-5
Refers to the use of machines and other
mechanical devices in the process of
education.
Based on physical science and applied
engineering field approach.
The new mechanism of teaching-learning
with improved technology as its basis.
 The teacher can deal with a larger group of
students at the same time by his discourse
through machines.
 Motion pictures, tape recorders, television,
computers are called educational hardware.
 Mechanises the process of teaching so that
teachers would be able to deal with more
students with less expenditures in
educating them.
PRESERVATION

TRANSMISSION

DEVELOPM ENT
 For development,
Knowledge is Transmission of the
provisions are
preserved with knowledge is
made for research
machines in the supported by
work. Presently the
form of books machine like mike,
researcher uses the
which are shelved radio and
electronic machine
in libraries. television.
and computers.
• Has mechanised the whole teaching-
learning process.

• Adopts a Product-oriented approach.

• Has the potential to hand over the

educational benefits to the mass with
greater ease and economy
 The concept of hardware approach is derived
from the application of “physical science” to
education.
 The job and the duties of the teacher are
likely to have multifaceted changes as they
are to deal with many new gadgets for
teaching and learning.
 Engineering principles are used for the
development of these types of technical
equipments.
 Approaches of Educational Technology by
Dr. V. K. Maheshwari, M.A (Socio, Phil) B.Sc.
M. Ed, PH.D(net).
 Approaches to Educational Technology
by John Parankimalil(net).