Proposals

a proposal is a document that offers

a solution to a problem or a course of
action in response to a need.
 Kind of proposals
• Research proposals
• Business proposals
 Purpose of research proposals
• to give a basic idea to your instructor about your
research paper.
• It should have a specific and narrow topic. The topic
should be interesting and original.
• Generally the thesis statement is in one or two
sentences.
• It has to be argumentative.
• The part of the introduction of your research explains
the purpose for your study.
• It describes the goals and objectives in your research
proposal.
• Common types of proposals include
 internal proposals,
 external proposals,
 grant proposals, and
 sales proposals
(each of which is briefly described below).
 Common Types of Proposals
• An internal proposal (sometimes called
a justification report) is composed for readers
within a writer's department, division, or
company. Internals proposals are generally
short (often in the form of a memo) and
intended to solve an immediate problem.
• An external proposal is designed to show how
one organization (or unit of an organization)
can meet the needs of another. Depending on
who initiates the project, external proposals
may be either solicited (composed in response
to a request—an RFP)
or unsolicited (composed without any
assurance that the proposal will even be
considered).
• A sales proposal, says Philip C. Kolin, "is the
most common external proposal. Its purpose
is to sell your company's brand, its products or
services for a set fee. Whether short or long, a
sales proposal is a marketing tool that
includes a detailed description of the
work you propose to do" (Successful Writing
at Work, 2017).
• A grant proposal is a document composed
(and/or an application form completed) in
response to a call for proposals issued by a
grant-making agency. The two main
components of a grant proposal are (1) a
formal application for funding and (2) a
detailed report on what activities the grant (if
funded) will support.
• Research Proposals
 "A research proposal describes in detail the
research you will do. It describes the
problem (or the area of unknown knowledge)
you aim to address, why it is important, what
others have done in this area, and how you
plan to do something unique. In other words,
the proposal describes your plan for creating
new knowledge."
• "A research proposal is a detailed written plan
for a research project. It describes the aims of the
project, why the research project is important
and how the project will be carried out. . . .

"When designing a new research project writing a

research proposal can help structure and focus
the thinking you do about the project's research
objectives and research methodology. . .
 Parts of proposals
• Title page
• Executive summary/abstract/synopsis
• Table of contents
• Introduction
• Background
• Procedures
• Equipments and facilities
• Personnel
• Budget
• Appendixes
• Title page
States the title of the project, your institution's
name, address, phone, contact person, plus
the name of person/organization to whom
you are submitting the proposal
Title page example
• Executive summary
 In one or two sentences each, it identifies
you/your institution, the need/problem, your
objectives, proposed activities to address the
need, total cost, and "the ask" - the summary
is usually no more than one page in length.
Example
• Table of contents
 Identifies the sections and their locations in
your proposal in outline form
Example
• Introduction
 Describes you/your institution's capability,
expertise, and qualifications as an applicant
for funding
• Background
 Previous work completed on identical or
related project
 Possibly literature reviews on the subject,
particularly your evaluation of them
 Statements showing how your proposal will
build on the alredy completed projects and
research
• Procedures
 Here you briefly state, without exaggeration,
how you will meet the requirements of your
reader. A good way to review your proposals-
they will be different in each situation
• Equipment and facilities
 For a research project, state what equipment
and facilities you already have use, assure that
you can get rest, depending on the type of
project
• Personnel
 States the qualifications and relevant
expertise of the project staff, citing any
professional licenses, certifications, or other
credentials of proposed project staff members
(resumes or vitae can be included as
attachments)
• Budget
 Shows all specific costs involved to implement
and operate the proposed project by spending
category: personnel; fringe benefits; travel;
supplies; equipment; printing/postage; etc.
• Appendixes
 A section at the end of a paper that includes
information that is too detailed for the text of
the paper itself and would "burden the reader
"Appendices may include a time line, a budget
or draft instruments.