Sterilization

Batch Sterilization Of Liquid

Medium

GROUP
ARCIAGA, GLENN JORDAN
FERNANZED, MARIA ANNE THERESE
INAGAN, RONALYN
VAZ MONIZ, MARCAL
01 DEFINITION

02 METHOD OF STERILIZATION

03 EQUATIONS FOR BATCH PROCESS

04 PROBLEM
 Sterilization
 Sterility is an absolute concept; a system is never partially or almost sterile. On a practical
basis, sterility means the absence of any detectable viable organism. In a pure culture, only
the desired organism is detectably present.

 Undesired organisms can cause the waste of substrate or generation of waste products,
while bacterophage can cause the decay of fermentative organisms. The biocontaminant can
be bacteria, fungi, yeast, viruses, etc. In the majority of the bioprocesses, elimination of
biocontaminants is essential for the success of the operation. In animal cell cultures, one
often demands pure culture.
 The presence of undesired organisms is often the basis for rejection of the batch. Disinfection
differs from sterilization in that a disinfectant reduces the number of viable organism to a low,
but nonzero number. Fluid stream can be sterilized in two ways: (1) physical removal of cells
and viruses (filtration); (2) inactivation of living particles by heat, radiation or chemicals.

 Sterilization of process fluids can be implemented batchwise or continuously. Batch

sterilization is suitable for batch operations and for sterilization of process equipment. For
continuous operations, continuous sterilization of process fluids (liquid medium, gas, and
suspensions) is more advantageous.
Method of Sterilization
EQUATIONS
BATCH THERMAL STERILIZATION
 Death is considered the failure of the cell, spore, or virus to reproduce or germinate when
placed in a favorable environment. The probability of extinction of the total population 𝑃𝑜(𝑡)
is:
𝑃𝑜(𝑡) = [1 − 𝑝(𝑡)]𝑁𝑜 (1)

Where 𝑝(𝑡) is the probability that an individual will still be viable at time, t, and No is the number
of individuals initially present. The expected value of individuals present at time, t, 𝐸[𝑁(𝑡)] is:
𝐸 𝑁 𝑡 = 𝑁𝑜𝑝(𝑡) (2)
While the variance of this expected value, 𝑉[𝑁(𝑡)] is:
𝑉 𝑁 𝑡 = 𝑁𝑜𝑝 𝑡 1 − 𝑝 𝑡 (3)
The specific death rate, 𝑘𝑑 is:
𝑑 𝑑
𝑘𝑑 = 𝐸 𝑁 𝑡 =− ln 𝑝(𝑡) (4)
−𝐸 𝑁 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
So far in modeling cell death rate, we have been assuming a first-order rate or a constant
specific death rate. When this first-order death model in which 𝑘𝑑 is constant is applied:
𝑝 𝑡 = exp(−𝑘𝑑 𝑡) (5)
Which is equivalent to:
𝐸 𝑁 𝑡 = 𝑁𝑜𝑒𝑥𝑝 −𝑘𝑑 t (6)
PROBLEM
A 10,000L batch of fermentation broth has been sterilized by holding in under pressure at
121℃. Now it must cool to 37 ℃ before it can be used. The batch is cooled by placing it in
a large room where the temperature is set at 35 ℃. The rate of cooling 𝑄ሶ is proportional to
the temperature difference between the broth and the room: 𝑄ሶ = 3769 T − 𝑇𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑚
Where T is given in ℃ and 𝑄ሶ in kJ/min. a) What is the total amount of heat that must be
removed?
b) How long will it take to cool the broth? Assume that the density of the broth is 1.05 kg/L
and its heat capacity (Cv) is 4 kJ/kg℃.
REQUIRED
a) What is the total amount of heat that must be removed? [Q (kJ/min)]

b) How long will it take to cool the broth? Assume that the density of the broth is 1.05 kg/L
and its heat capacity (Cv) is 4 kJ/kg℃. [t (min)]
 SOLUTION
a) The heat that must be removed is calculated using the equation:
𝑞 = 𝑚𝐶𝑣(𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )
m is calculated using the density:
𝑘𝑔
𝑚 = 10000𝐿 1.01 = 10,100 𝑘𝑔
𝐿
𝑘𝐽
𝑞 = (10,100𝑘𝑔)(4 )(37 ℃ − 121℃) = −3393600 𝑘𝐽,
𝑘𝑔℃
notice is negative because the heat is being released but for further calculations the sign is
not considered
 SOLUTION
And using the rate of cooling:

𝑄 = 3760(121 ℃ − 35℃) = 323369 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑖𝑛

b) Time to cool the broth is calculated:

𝑞 3393600 𝑘𝐽
𝑡= = = 10.49 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑄 323369 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑖𝑛
Thank you