REVISED PENAL

CODE
 LIBEL
• UnderArticle 353 of the Revised Penal Code of the
Philippines, a public and malicious imputation of a
crime, or a vice or defect, real or imaginary or any
act, omission, conditions, status, or circumstance
tending to cause the dishonor, discredit, or contempt
of a natural or juridical person, or to blacken the
memory of one who is dead.
•Apublished false statement that is damaging to a
person's reputation; a written defamation.
ELEMENTS OF LIBEL
• There must be a defamatory
imputation
• Publicity of the Libelous Matter
• The Person libeled must be
identified.
• That there be malice on the part of
the accused.
LIBEL PER SE
• Broadcast or written publication
of a false statement about another
which accuses him/her of a crime,
immoral acts, inability to perform
his/her profession, having a
loathsome disease or dishonesty in
business.
LIBEL PER QUOD
• libel
that is actionable only
when the plaintiff introduces
additional facts to show
defamation or claims special
damages.
PRINCIPLES AND TYPES OF LIBEL
• CIVIL VS. CRIMINAL LIBEL
In Civil Law, Libel imposes punishment in the form of
damages awarded to the claimant
Under Criminal Law, Libel is bailable, non-congnizable
and compoundable offence.
Article 358 of the Philippines Revised Penal Code
allows for criminal defamation, which means people
found guilt of the offense can find themselves behind
bars.
The person libeled may file a criminal case or a separate
civil case for damages.
PRINCIPLES AND TYPES OF LIBEL

• BLASPHEMOUS LIBEL - the

crime committed if a person insults, offends,
or vilifies the deity, Christ, or the Christian
religion.
• SEDITIOUS LIBEL – is the crime of making
public statements that threaten to undermine
respect for the government, laws, or public
officials.