PAIN RELIEF MANAGEMENT

BY WHO
2019
 Pain is defined as a highly unpleasant physical
sensation caused by illness or injury. Despite it being
the most common symptom people seek medical
help for, it remains one of the most misunderstood
and ineffectively treated.
 This is partly due to it being highly subjective - one
person’s experience of the same painful event (such
as a fracture) can be significantly different from
another’s.

 Pain management must always be individualized to

the person who has the pain. There is no one-size-
fits-all approach.
 Type of Pain
 Acute pain: This starts suddenly and only lasts for a short period of
time (ie, minutes, hours or a couple of days)
 Chronic pain: This is a persistent type of pain that tends to be
experienced every day for at least three months. Chronic pain can
range from mild to severe
 Breakthrough pain: Pain that occurs in between regular, scheduled
painkillers
 Bone pain: Felt as a constant aching or discomfort in a bone, common
with bone injury, the late stages of osteoporosis, and cancer
 Nerve pain (also called neurological pain): Associated with
nerve damage, usually feels sharp or stabbing
 Phantom pain: Pain is felt in a part of the body that has been
amputated (removed)
 Soft tissue pain: Pain or discomfort from damage or
inflammation of the muscles, tissues, or ligaments. May be
associated with swelling or bruising
 Referred pain: Pain is felt in a different part of the body from
the source (for example pain in the pancreas is usually felt in
the back)
Identifying
your pain
Type of Pain Medication
 Non-Opioid  Weak opioids
 Acetaminophen  Codeine
 Ibuprofen  Tramadol
 Naproxen
 Diclofenac
 Combination opioids  Strong Opioids
 Acetaminophen + codeine  Alfentanil
 Acetaminophen +  Fentanyl
hydrocodone
 Acetaminophen + oxycodone  Hydrocodone
 Acetaminophen + tramadol  Hydromorphone
 Codeine + acetaminophen +  Methadone
butalbital + caffeine
 Morphine
 Codeine + aspirin + butalbital
+ caffeine  Oxycodone
 Dihydrocodeine +  Oxymorphone
acetaminophen + caffeine
 Sufentanil
 Hydrocodone + ibuprofen
 Other
 Ketamine
Adjuvant Treatment
 Anxiety  Bone pain
 Diazepam  Bisphosphonates
 Lorazepam  Calcitonin
 Denosumab
 Bowel-related pain  Muscle or joint pain/spasm
 Baclofen
 Glycopyrrolate
 Capsaicin cream
 Octreotide  Cyclobenzaprine

 Diazepam

 Lorazepam

 Methocarbamol

 Tizanidine
 Nerve Pain  Widespread pain
 Antidepressants (eg, dulox  Cannabidiol
etine, TCAs, SSRIs)
 Anticonvulsants (eg, gaba
 Corticosteroids
pentin, lamotrigine, pregab  Lidocaine/prilocaine
alin)
 CNS stimulants
 Cannabidiol
 Capsaicin cream
 Mexiletine

Nonpharmacological treatments
 Acupressure
 Acupuncture
 Alexander technique
 Biofeedback
 Braces and supports
 Chiropractic therapy
 Cognitive behavioral therapy
 Comfort therapy
 Diathermy
 Distraction
 Electromuscular stimulation
 Functional restoration training
 Guided imagery
 Hot/cold packs
 Hypnosis
 Interferential therapy
 Low level laser therapy
 Magnetic therapy
 Massage
 Mindfulness
 Multidisciplinary rehabilitation
 Osteopathy
 Physical and occupational therapy
 Psychosocial therapy/counseling
 Qigong
 Radiofrequency ablation
 Relaxation techniques
 Tai Chi
 Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
 Ultrasound
 Yoga
THANK YOU