ANALYSIS OF FRAMES SUBJECTED TO
LATERAL LOADS
PRESENTED BY
P VENKATESWARLU(17109043)
M AVINASH CHOWDARY(17109045)
K GOPI KRISHNA(17109048)
K NIHARIKA(17109050)
GUIDED BY
Ms . VINODHINI ELLAPPAN
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
CIVIL DEPARTMENT
HINDUSTAN INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE
 INTRODUCTION
Lateral Loads :
Lateral loads are live loads are applied parallel to
the ground that is they are horizontal forces acting on a
structure.

Frame:
Structures having the combination of beam,
column and slab to resist the lateral and gravity loads.
Types of Frames:
1.Beams
2.Plane Truss
3.Space Truss
4.Plane Frame
5.Space Frame
6.Arches
Static Indeterminacy :
A structure is said to be externally indeterminate if
the number of reactions exceeds the number of
equilibrium equations.
Determinate Structure
Structures which satisfies equilibrium equations is
known as “Determinate structure” [ ∑M=0 ∑H=0 ∑V=0 ]

Indeterminate structue :
Structures which does not satisfy equilibrium
equations is known as “Indeterminate structure”
Types of Analysis of Frame :
1.Force Method
2.Displacement Method
a.)Slope Deflection Method
b.)Moment Distribution Method
c.)Direct Stiffness Method
3.Approximate Method
a.)Portal Method
b.)Cantilever Method
c.)Points of Inflection Method
4.Kani’s Method
 SLOPE DEFLECTION METHOD

Procedure:
Step 1: Compute fixed end moments
Step 2: Apply slope deflection equation
Step 3: Apply equilibrium equations
Step 4: Compute final end moments
Step 5: Bending moment diagram
 MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD

Procedure:
Step 1: Joint
Step 2: Members
Step 3: Distribution factor
Step 4: Fixed end moments
Step 5: Balancing of
Step 6: Carry over factor
Step 7: Final end moment
Step 8: Bending moment diagram
Types of analysis of frames subjected to lateral
loads:
1.Portal method
2.Cantilever method
3.Factor method

These methods are known as “Approximate

methods”
 PORTAL METHOD

The portal method is an approximate

analysis used for analyzing buildings subjected
to lateral loads.

Assumptions:
1.Point of contraflexure occurs at the middle of
all the members of the frame.
2.Horizontal shear taken by each interior column
is double of that taken by external columns.
 CANTILEVER METHOD

The cantilever method is an approximate

method for calculating shear forces and
moments developed in beams and columns of a
frame or structure due to lateral loads …. Its use
is recommended for frames that are taller than
they are wide, and therefore behave similar to a
beam cantilevered up from the ground.
Assumptions made in cantilever method:
1.There is a point of contraflexure at the centre
of each member.

2.The intensity of axial stress in each column of a

storey is proportional to the horizontal distance
of that column from the centre of gravity of all
the columns of the storey under consideration.
 FACTOR METHOD

Factor method is an approximate slope

deflection method presented in steps using
simple instructions by which the desired results
can be obtained without the knowledge of
principle of elasticity which it is based.