STANDARD 

CIVIL DESIGN BASIS 

{ GENERAL }
1.0  GENERAL :
       This document describes the design basis for Standardization
of Project
and shall be referred in conjunction with Civil Design Practice
document.
2.0 SITE DATA :
  2.1 SITE DATA IN DETAILS :
     Refer Project Design Basis.
  2.2 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS :
  2.2.1 Live loads :
     Live loads for various areas shall be as indicated on relevant equipment
layout/ vendor / licensor drawings. In absence of such data in the
drawings, the loading intensities indicated below shall be used.
     Stairways and landings  500 kg/m2
     Operating and service platforms /
floors 350 kg/m2
     Access platforms / floor, walkways and vessel (tower 250 kg/m2
platforms)
     Areas around
heat exchangers and similar equipments 500 kg/m2
where parts or heavy tools may be stored.  
     Roofs accessible for inspection and repair only. 150 kg/m2 
     Control / MCC room (or actual loading whichever is 500 kg/m2 
higher). 
     H & V units supporting floor.  1000 Kg/m2
     Light duty pavement 
(or single load 1000 Kg**). 1000 kg/m2
     Heavy-duty pavement
(or single load 5000 Kg**). 1500 kg/m2
     Floors in warehouses. 3000 kg/m2
     Main roads.  1500 Kg/m2
     Industrial Plant Working Floors. 500 kg/m2
      However, in addition to the above live loads, a live load intensity of 200
kg/m2 shall be conservatively added on account of the following
wherever required.
     HVAC ducts, cable, piping etc. from the floor.
     Minor equipments such as pumps, motors and coolers which weigh 500
kg or less.
     Notes : 
  i Additional loads due to equipments weighing more than 500 kg shall be
added when present.
  ii Future equipment loads shall be considered where indicated on layout
drawings.
  iii Movable loads due to cranes, fork lifts to be added in areas demarcated
in equipment layouts.
  iv No imposed load reduction shall be permitted.
  v Values marked thus (**) shall be verified based on actual expected
loads.
  2.2.2 Wind loads :
{whichever Code is Applicable}
     Wind loads shall be considered in accordance with ASCE 7-95 / UBC
-1997
/IS 875 : 1987 (Part 3) / BS CP3 : Chapter V : Part2 : 1972.
  2.2.3 Seismic loads :
{whichever Code is Applicable}

     Design for seismic loads shall be carried out as per ASCE 7-95 / UBC-
1997
/ IS 1893 : 1984. 
     Design shall be carried out using :
  i Equivalent lateral force method or
  ii Modal analysis method, as appropriate.
  2.2.4 Concrete design specifications :
{whichever Code is Applicable}
     Concrete Design shall conform to ACI 318-95 / IS 456 :
2000 / BS 8110 :
Part 1 : 1985.
  2.2.5 Structural steel design specifications :
{whichever Code is Applicable}
     Structural steel design and fabrication shall conform to AISC-ASD (9th
Edition) / IS 800 :1984 / BS 5950 : Part 1 :1990.
  2.2.6 Structural stability & drift control requirements :
  2.2.6.1 Settlements : 
     Maximum allowable settlement : 25 mm
     Maximum allowable differential settlement : 12 mm
  2.2.6.2 Deflections :
{ H: Height, L : Span }

Allowable Horizontal Deflections for Structure. < DRIFT >

Description of Structure Per Storey Total
Concrete Buildings.  H / 325  H / 500
Steel Industrial Bldg. H / 200 H / 200
Pipe Rack / Support H / 150 H / 150
Flare Stack / Chimneys 150 mm per 30 m Height

Allowable Vertical Deflection for Structural Elements.

Beams. { Concrete } [ or 20 mm whichever is less } L / 325
Beams. { Steel }  L / 325
Traveling Crane { Manual }/Mono Rail. L/500
Traveling Crane { Manual }. L/500
Traveling Crane { EOT } [ > 50 T ]. L/1000
Other Moving Loads. L/600
Pipe Supports. L/240
Grating/Chequered Plate. 6 MM.
Purlins. {Governed by Roofing Material } WAIVED.

   If deflection limitations of beams are more stringent from process / mechanical

/ vendor requirements, these values shall be used. The deflection of a member
shall be calculated without considering the impact factor or dynamic effect of the
load causing deflection.
  2.2.7 Friction coefficients :
     The following friction coefficients shall be considered in calculating the
sliding friction forces :

Concrete to Soil / Rock 0.30

 Concrete to Steel  0.45
Steel to Steel  0.30
Stainless Steel to
Teflon
0.10 
Plate

3.0 CODES &

STANDARDS : 
     All
engineering and design shall comply with relevant and applicable
codes of
practices, local bye-laws, and rules as per directorate of
industries and
factories & as listed in Project Design Basis.
4.0 UNIT OF MEASUREMENT :
     The International System ( SI ) shall be used. Existing drawings shall be
used with the same scale.
5.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS :
  5.1 STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
STRENGTH & DURABILITY :
     Member Characteristic Strength
of Concrete shall be as per the Exposure
conditions. Refer Table A & B below.
 
A:  ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE CONDITIONS :
ENVIRONMENT     EXPOSURE CONDITION
Concrete surfaces
protected against weather or aggressive
MILD
conditions, except those
situated in coastal area.
Concrete surfaces sheltered
from severe rain or freezing whilst wet.
Concrete exposed to
condensation & rain or continuously under
MODERATE water. Concrete in contact
or buried under non aggressive soil /
ground water. Concrete surfaces
sheltered from saturated salt air in
coastal area.
Concrete surfaces exposed
to severe rain, alternate wetting & drying
or occasional freezing
whilst wet or severe condensation. Concrete
SEVERE
completely immersed in sea
water or exposed to coastal
environment.
Concrete surfaces exposed
to sea water spray, corrosive fumes or
VERY SEVERE severe freezing conditions whilst
wet. Concrete in contact with or
buried under aggressive sub soil /
ground water.
Surface of members in
tidal zone. Members in direct contact with
EXTREME
liquid / solid aggressive
chemicals.
 
B :  MINIMUM CONCRETE GRADE, COVER & MINIMUM CEMENT CONTENT  
AS PER EXPOSURE CONDITIONS :
MIN. NOMINAL
CRACK CEMENT CONTENT MAX.W/C
EXPOSURE CONCRETE COVER
WIDTH (MM) (KG/M3) RATIO
GRADE (MM)
MILD 0.30 300 0.55 M20 20
MODERATE 0.20 300 0.50 M25 30
SEVERE 0.10 320 0.45 M30 45
VERY
0.10 340 0.45 M35 45
SEVERE
EXTREME 0.10 360 0.40 M40 70
  5.1.1 Cement :
     Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) conforming to ASTM C 150 /IS269:1989 /
BS 12 : 1991 shall be used in concrete for superstructure construction. 
     Sulphate Resisting Cement ( SRC) conforming to ASTM C 150 / IS 12330 :
1988/ BS 4027 : 1991 shall be used if called for, in concrete for
substructure construction.
  5.2 REINFORCEMENTS :
     Reinforcements shall be deformed High Strength bars conforming to ASTM
A 615 Grade 60 / IS 1786 : 1985/ BS 4449 : 1988.
  5.3 STRUCTURAL STEEL :
     Structural steel quality shall be Mild steel, conforming to ASTM GradeA36/
IS 2062 
/ BS 4 : Part 1. Bolts used in structural connections shall conform
to ASTM Grade - A325 / IS 1367
/ BS EN 20225.
   5.3.1 Grating :
     Thickness : 25 mm
     Max. Span : 1200 mm
     The gratings shall be capable of carrying a UDL of 5 KN/m2 or
concentrated load of 10 KN at mid span. Gratings shall be
galvanized /
painted as required.
   5.3.2 Raised pattern plate (Chequered plate) : 
     Thickness : 8/10 mm
Maximum Span : 800 mm
   5.3.3 Roofing :
     Pre-coated 24 Gauge
metal Sheeting/6 mm thick AC Sheeting / 22 Gauge
GI Sheeting.
   5.3.4 Gutters &
down-take pipes :
     Gutters can be in RCC/AC/GI and down-takes shall be PVC / HDPE with
minimum 150 mm diameter. 
   5.3.5 Anchor bolts & threaded rods for non-post tensioned applications : 
     Anchor bolts shall conform to ASTM Grade - A307/ IS 2062 / BS 4 : Part 1
.
6.0 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS :
  i Fire doors and fire walls shall be of 2-hour fire rating.
  ii Minimum thickness of non-shrink grout shall be 25 mm. Shims shall be
provided where required for
leveling.