NORMAL

DEFECTS IN FORM WORK

1. The props or supports of form work were not in plumb and were not cross
braced.
2. The ground supports to props or shores were poor and therefore the formwork
settled.
3. Wedges were not tightened properly to the shores.
4. There was insufficient thickness of shuttering unable to bear lateral pressure
imposed by wet concrete, specially in columns.
5. Shuttering plates were not cleaned and oiled or oiled with dirty oil.
6. There were many insufficient and loose connections in centering and shuttering.
7. Form work was removed before time.
8. Form work was not planned and designed properly.
9. In the case of beam forms, proper provision for retaining the side was not made.
Hence, the concrete beam bulged on the sides.
10. The shuttering was poorly made with cracked and warped timber planks having
lot of holes and knots.
11. Through bolts for the R.C.C. walls form work for an underground tank were used.
Later the holes made by the bolts could not be plugged.
12. 'Ballis' were resting on bricks or brick pillars.
13. 'Ballis' were not in one piece and were having joints in between. Joints were also
improperly made and no additional cross bracing was provided at the joint.