SMART WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING THE

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MICROCONTROLLER ZR16S08 AS IOT SOLUTION

1 Presented by
AKHIL BABU
T7B-B16E CB05
Guided by
Prof . NAJIA
CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Literature survey
3. IoT application

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4. System description
a) Water flow sensor
b) Network topology and modulation
c) Sensor node
d) Central node
e) Cloud storage
f) Measurement and Communication test
5. Conclusions
6. References

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
INTRODUCTION

 Challenges in water supply management

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 Level of fragility in the process.
 35% of water is lost in developing countries – IBNET
 Technical failures in the distribution process and daily usage
leaks.

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 Lack of efficient water pipeline monitoring systems.
Hard to predict the cost to detect and repair the water losses.

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

Use of smart solutions, sensor networks and IoT

application, to overcome the situation !

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LITERATURE SURVEY

 1. M. Neugebauer, J. Ploennigs and K. Kabitzsch, "Evaluation of

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Energy Costs for Single Hop vs. Multi Hop with Respect to
Topology Parameters," IEEE International Workshop on Factory
Communication Systems, Torino, Italy, 2006, pp. 175-182.
 2. PFISTER, C. Getting Started with the Internet of Things:
Connecting Sensors and Microcontrollers to the Cloud. Maker
Media, Inc, 2011.
 3. BULUSU, N.; HEIDEMANN, J.; ESTRIN, D. Gps-less low cost
outdoor localization for very small devices. IEEE Personal
Communications Magazine, 2000.
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IOT APPLICATION

 IoT System for water management, especially in water losses

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occuring in city pipe lines.
 System includes sensors, RF processing and communication
modules, communication software between sensors nodes (WSN)
and preferably open-source platform for cloud access.
 Flexible solution using dedicated integrated devices.
 Improves Quality of Service (QoS)

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SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

 Network of sensors where each one is connected to a microcotroller

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capable of interpreting the measurements of the sensor.
 Capable of storing the data and sending it wirelessly.
 Management of the nodes is performed by a central system
consisting of a more powerful microcontroller.

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A. WATER FLOW SENSOR
 Measurement done using water flow sensors model YF-S201.
 Consists of a plastic body, a rotor with a turbine made of

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magnetic blades and a hall effect sensor.

 As turbine blades rotates during water flow in the rotor, each

time one passes through the hall effects sensor, interaction
between the magnetic fields occurs.
 Thus hall effect sensor generates a pulse.
 More water flow through the rotor, greater the frequency of
pulses.
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 B. NETWORK TOPOLOGY AND MODULATION
 Single hop star type topology
 Sending data unidirectionally to a central unit, which in
addition to requesting information, also acts as an interme -

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diary for communication with the cloud.
 Low consumption of sensor nodes when compared to
multi hop topology due to standby mode.
 Communication modules of 433 Mhz with maximum
transmission rate of 4 Kb/s.
 Communication between sensor nodes and gateway is done through
On-Off keying modulation.

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 Values collected by the ADC microcontroller are encoded into 8-bit
strings by setting different high and low pulse times.

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 Choice of a period of 50 milliseconds for each pulse was made based
on lowest frequency that was able to generate an output signal
wave without noise with the used RF modules.
 1 bit - Time of high equals to time of low – 25 millisecond
 0 bit - Short time of high – 10 millisecond
- Longer time of low – 40 millisecond

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C. SENSOR NODE
 Microcontroller ZR16SO8 is used for sensor nodes.
 Brazilian microcontroller developed at the Santa Maria Design

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House (SMDH) and Chipus Microelectronic S.A.
 Low budget 8 bit microcontroller that emphasizes on analog and
digital integration offering great cost to performance ratio.
 10 bit ADC, 256x8 SRAM memory and 16 bit timer are used.
 ZR16S08 has an internal voltage regulator, with variable input
from 5 to 30V and output to 3.3V

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D. CENTRAL NODE

 Raspberry PI microcontroller is used as central node to request

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and receive the data stored in the ZR16S08 using RF
communication.
 Broadcasts the desired node ID
 Each node read the ID and checks it with it’s own.
 After receiving data, the central node will analyze and process the
data and send it to a cloud storage.

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E. CLOUD STORAGE

 Main part in an IoT system.

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 Information from the system stored in to the cloud.
 Users can access the data and manipulate using website or
another desired interface.
 It may be designed for public or private access, depending on the
type of data collected.
 User can easily notice any leakage problem on the pipes.

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MEASUREMENT AND COMMUNICATION TESTS
 Prototype comprising most of the system hierarchy layers was
implemented.
 1.5m long-PVC pipe attached to the system characterised by cloud

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storage and management.
 Water flow through two sensors were analysed
 The data stored in cloud indicates leaking issue.
 Different voltages were applied to the sensor node ADC.
 The central node evaluates the data and finds the difference between
applied voltage and measured one.
 The results shows that the data acquired by the sensor node and the
data sent by the central node has a difference of approx. 0.59%, which
has almost none impact in the implemented system.
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CONCLUSIONS

 A complete IoT solution for water management was presented

including the measurement system and data communication

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between sensor nodes and central node.
 The results were discrete and reliable values, which allow
measurements of other parameters besides the water flow.
 Research and tests in progress are focused on minimizing energy
consumption and optimizing communication, mainly operating with
a higher rate of data transmission on a better frequency channel.

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REFERENCE
 1. C. Perera, A. Zaslavsky, P. Christen, and D. Georgakopoulos,
“Sensing as a service model for smart cities supported by internet
of things,”Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications

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Technologies (ETT), vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 81–93, 2014.
 2. A. Kumar, K. Kamal, M. O. Arshad, T. Vadamala, S.
Mathavan,“Smart Irrigation Using Low-Cost Moisture Sensors and
XBee-based Communication,” in IEEE 2014 Global Humanitarian
Technology Conference,2014.
 3. Amanda Mc Intosh, Hailu Gebrechorkos ,“Partnering for
solutions: ICTs in Smart Water Management,”
 4. Michele Mutchek, Eric Williams ,“Moving Towards Sustainable
and Resilient Smart Water Grids,” in Challenges 2014 , March
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THANK YOU