WHAT IS OCEAN

THERMOCLINE (OR (OTEC)

ENERGY?
 OTEC ENERGY
Thermocline energy is based on the
temperature differences between surface
water, which is heated by the sun, and deep
water, which stays very cold.
Thermal energy conversion plants use the
surface water to make steam and then pass
the steam through a turbine generator to
make electricity.
OTEC is firm power (24/7), a clean energy
source, environmentally sustainable and
capable of providing massive levels of energy.
OTEC ENERGY

 Oceans cover more than 70% of Earth’s surface, making them the world’s
largest solar collectors.
 OTEC is a renewable energy technology that converts solar radiation into
electric power by use of world oceans.
 OTEC PROCESS uses temperature differences between cold deep water
(5%) and warm surface water (27%) to power a turbine to generate
electricity.
 BRIEF HISTORY
 1870 with the publication of “twenty thousands leagues under the sea” mentioned
the use of thermal gradient of the sea to produce electricity.

 1881 that a frech physicist, arsene d’arsonval proposed the use of warm waters to
vaporized ammonia to drive a turbine generator and condesed the ammonia using
the deep cold waters from 800m to 100om of depth.
 Otec closed cycle

 1930 A FRENCH ENGINEER, GEORGES CLAUDE A STUDENT AND FRIEND OF d’arsonval,

PROPOSED THE USE OF THE SEAWATER AS THE WORKING FLUID.
 Installed on ship & produced 22kw with an ocean water temp. Diff. Of only 14˚c
 Otec open cycle

 1979 IN HAWAII, OTEC CLOSED CIRCLE WAS PROVEN WHEN A SMALL OTEC PLANT
PRODUCED 50kw OF POWER.
There are basically three types of OTEC
systems:
 Open – Cycle OTEC
 Closed – Cycle OTEC
 Hybrid OTEC
Closed-Cycle OTEC System

 Closed cycle systems (Rankine) use fluid with a low-boiling point, such as
ammonia, to rotate a turbine to generate electricity.
 Working Fluid

Turbine / Generator

Warm Water
Pipe Intake
Heat
Exchanger Warm Water
Pipe Return
Heat
20º C Exchanger
Temperature
Difference
Cold Water
Pipe Return

Cold Water
Pipe Intake
Hybrid OTEC

 Hybrid system is a combination of open- and closed-cycle systems. In this

system, warm seawater is flash-evaporated into steam in a vacuum
chamber like the open-cycle evaporation process. The steam is then
vaporized into a low-boiling-point fluid that in turn drives a turbine for
producing electricity.
OTEC CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO
ITS LOCATION:
 LAND BASED – THIS TYPE PLANT OFFERS THE ADVANTAGES OF: NO MOORING
TO BOTTOM OF THE SEA, AVOID THE USE OF ELECTRICAL SUBMARINE
CONDUCTORS AND ETC.

 FLOATING –THE FLOATING ONES USED SHORTER COLD PIPES TO PUMP THE
COLD SEAWATER.
- ITS DESIGNING IS FOR OFF-SHORE USE.
WHY USE OTEC?
USE OTEC

 OTEC power plants can produce electricity 24 hours per day, 365 days per
year
 This capability makes OTEC an attractive alternative to conventional base
load power plants powered by fossil fuels or nuclear fission.
 Fresh water production is just one of the potential beneficial by-products of
OTEC. The cold deep ocean water can be used for aqua-culture (fish
farming) as it is pathogen free and nutrient rich, or
 Air-conditioning and refrigeration in nearby buildings.
 HOW THOSE OTEC WORK?

 Carnot efficiency (t1-t2)/t1: in transferring heat to do work, the

greater the spread in temperature between the heat source and
the heat sink, the greater the efficiency of the energy conversion.

 As long as the temperature between the warm surface water

and the cold deep water differs by about 20°c (36°f), an otec
system can produce a significant amount of power with a
maximum carnot efficiency of about 6.7%
BENEFITS AND OPPORTUNITIES OF OTEC

ECONOMIC BENEFITS:
 :Baseload Power Available 24/7
 Reduced fuel imports
 Stable utilities pricing
 Reduced capital expense to Power Companies and Governments
 Affordable incremental power capacity increase
 Reduced burden on existing utilities
 Life cycle cost savings
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS:
 INEXHAUSTIBLE RENEWABLE ENERGY FROM LOCAL RESOURCES
 FOSSIL FUEL AVOIDANCE
SAVE ~15,000 BBLS OIL A YEAR PER MW
 ZERO EMISSIONS
SAVE NEARLY 7,000 TONS CO2 A YEAR PER MW
 SUSTAINABLE FRESH WATER SUPPLY
 ENERGY CONSERVATION
 CLOSED CYCLE OTEC IS A LOW-RISK
SOCIAL BENEFITS:
 • AFFORDABLE FRESH WATER AND POWER
 • NEW INDUSTRIES/JOBS/EXPORT OPPORTUNITIES (AQUACULTURE)
 • INCREASED FUEL FLEXIBILITY AND ENERGY SECURITY
 • WORLD LEADERSHIP ROLE IN ECO-AWARENESS
IS OTEC FEASIBLE OR HAS A
POTENTIAL ON PH??
 PHILIPPINES
CURRENT PROJECTS:
ZAMBALES ENERGY ISLAND

LOCATION:
OFF THE COAST OF ZAMBALES, PHILIPPINES (SUBSTATION BOTOLAN)
TECHNOLOGY:
OTEC CLOSED CYCLE,
CAPACITY:
10 MW
DEVELOPER:
BELL PIRIE POWER CORP. (BPPC- PHILIPPINES) & ENERGY ISLAND BELL PIRIE (UK)
STATUS:
AWARDED SERVICE CONTRACT FROM THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT. CURRENTLY IN
NEGOTIATION WITH THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY PURCHASE
AGREEMENT (REPA), ONGOING DISCUSSIONS WITH ENGINEERING, PROCUREMENT AND
CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS AND LOCAL SPONSORS.
REFERRENCES:
- www.renewableenergyworld.com>tech
- www.uprm.edu_aret_docs_Ch_3_Ocean
- http://www.oceanenergycouncil.com/ocean-energy/offshore-wind-energy/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_energy
- https://www.cleanenergycouncil.org.au/technologies/marine-energy.html
- http://tidalenergytoday.com/2015/03/03/cooperation-brings-otec-to-philippines/
- http://www.otecnews.org/2012/09/otec-potential-on-the-philippines/
- http://www.energyisland.com/projects/philippines.html
- http://www.oceanenergycouncil.com
- http://www.oceanthermalenergycorporation.com
- http://www.makai.com/ocean-thermal-energy-conversion/

PREPARED BY: APRIL ROSE GUAZON

ESPLANA
THANK YOU!!!