System Optimization

Networking
 Introduction
• The basic connection of IP camera.
• WAN and LAN.
• DNS and DDNS.
• How to select bandwidth size.
• Dual stream and single stream.
 IP Camera basic connection
 Prepare an IP camera, a PC with NVR and an
Ethernet cable.
 Plug the Ethernet cable into the Ethernet port of
IP camera and PC.

NVR
IP Camera Ethernet Cable
PC
 IP Address Setting
• Set the IP address of PC to follow the IP range of camera.
• You can open the Web Interface of this camera.
• For example,
 if the default IP address of camera is 192.168.0.100.
 The PC’s IP address can be set 192.168.0.20.

Setup IP address in PC:

Start Control Panel Network and Sharing
Center  Local Area Connection Properties
Internet Protoca4 Version 4
 Cameras or PCs extension
• If we want to add more cameras or PCs in the local
area network, we can use switch to connect all.

IP Camera

PC

PC
 Local Area Network
• In this area, devices can’t access to internet Independently
however they can connect to each other. This area we called
“Local Area Network(LAN)”
• The IP addresses of devices in LAN are called “Private IP”.

NVR Server

IP Camera LAN NVR

Remote
Client
 How to get private IP?
• Get private IP from DHCP server.
IP Range
Camera 192.168.0.2
Dynamic IP Request IP 192.168.0.3
192.168.0.2 …
Camera 192.168.0.255
Dynamic IP
192.168.0.3 DHCP Server
192.168.0.1
Assign IP 255.255.255.0
• Set the private IP into camera manually
– Confirm the IP range in the same network area.
172.16.26.55 192.168.0.20 NVR Server

192.168.0.3 192.168.0.20 NVR Server

 Access to Internet from LAN
• If the devices in LAN want to access to Internet, devices
can connect to a router that uses IP address for Internet.

IP Camera IP address for

Internet

LAN Internet

Router
NVR Server Client
 Wide Area Network (WAN)
• The IP addresses for Internet can access Internet are called “Public IP”.
• This area we called “Wide Area Network (WAN)”.
• Apply to your local ISP to get public IP
– Static IP Address
– PPPoE (Dynamic IP)

IP Camera

Private IP Public IP
Internet
LAN Router
WAN
NVR Server
 Remote clients in WAN
• If clients in WAN wants to get video stream, how can clients send
the request to IP camera and get video stream because of private IP
is invisible in Internet?
• We can use “Port Mapping ” to let remote clients know where
camera is.

IP Camera
Video Stream

Request
Client
Internet
LAN Router
WAN Client
NVR Server
 Port Mapping
1. Setup the port mapping table in router, ex: Port 101 = 192.168.1.3
(camera’s IP). That means as long as the request comes from port 101 into
router, router will forward this request to the specified IP address.
2. While client types “http://public IP: port” in browser, ex 101.58.32.95:
101. It can find the router via this public IP and access to the camera via
port mapping table.
Port IP Address
101 192.168.1.3
102 192.168.1.4
103 192.168.1.5 192.168.1.3
Connect to 101.58.32.95: 101
104 192.168.1.6
192.168.1.4
192.168.1.1

Internet 192.168.1.5
Public IP:
Router
101.58.32.95
Client 192.168.1.6
 Easy to search in Internet
• Even remote clients can connect to IP cameras via router
with public IP address, however the IP address is too
hard to remember, instead of using friendly Domain name
to access.
• DNS (Domain Name System) and DDNS (Dynamic
Domain Name System)
 DNS (Domain Name System)
• A naming system mapping with Static IP Address for computers,
services, or any resource connected to the Internet.
• User needs to has a domain name and apply the mapping with the
public IP of router to DNS server.
• While client types the domain in browser, it will search the
mapping IP address in DNS server and link to the router.

Camera Internet

Static IP: Client

101.58.32.95 DNS Server

NVR server IP Address Domain Name

101.58.32.95 www.camera.com
 DDNS (Dynamic Domain Name System)
• Using static IP has higher cost than PPPoE.
• Even the camera obtains dynamic IP address (PPPoE), user still can
use domain name to connect this camera.
• While the dynamic IP is changed, it will send the notice to DDNS
server and DDNS server will update it. Then, clients still can use the
mapping of IP address and domain name to find camera and NVR
server.

Internet
Camera

Dynamic IP: Client

DDNS Server
101.58.32.95

NVR server 101.72.25.10 IP Address Domain Name

Go101.72.25.10
to this camerawww.camera.com
101.58.32.95
Network Bandwidth Size Selection
 Bit Rate
• The amount of transmitted video stream per second.
• Bit rate is related with Resolution, Compression type,
frame rate and video quality.

Frame Rate Frame Rate

Compression Compression
Video Stream
Type Type
Resolution Resolution

High Bit Rate Low Bit Rate

Low Video Quality
Resolution: 1280x1024, Compression type: H.264, Frame Rate: 18 fps.

High Bit Rate Low Bit Rate

 Architecture of your Network
• You have to know the architecture of network
 From cameras to NVR server for storage.
 From NVR server to remote clients for live view and
playback.

1 2 Client

Internet
IP Cameras
NVR Server
Client

: Video stream from camera to NVR server

: Video stream from NVR server to client
Bandwidth from cameras to NVR server
1. How many cameras will connect with NVR server?
2. What is the bit rate of each camera?
3. Calculate the result of total bandwidth.

Camera 1

No. Bit rate

Camera1 4 Mbps
Camera2 2.5 Mbps Camera 2

Camera3 3 Mbps
NVR Server
Total Bandwidth 9.5 Mbps
Camera 3
Bandwidth from NVR server to NVR Workstation
1. How many remote clients will connect with NVR server?
2. How many cameras do remote clients want to see simultaneously?
3. What is the bit rate of these cameras?
4. Calculate the result

Client
Internet
NVR Server
Live view/
Client
Playback

No. Camera 1 Camera 2 Camera 3 Bandwidth per client

Client 1 4Mbps X 3 Mbps 7 Mbps
Client 2 X 2.5 Mbps 3 Mbps 5.5 Mbps
Total Bandwidth 12.5 Mbps
 Small Resolution for live View
• While the cameras are streaming H.264 for both recording
and live view, the NVR server has difficulties to decode 64
channel live view filled with H.264 cameras.
• Due to the scale of layout for live view to support multi-
channels (up to 32 or 64 channels), small resolution (ex: VGA)
serves the purpose.
• Could we use the small resolution for live view and maximum
resolution for recording at the same time?

Dual Stream
VGA resolution

Small scale
 Dual Stream
The camera can send out two streams to NVR, one of them for live view and
another for recording purpose.
 Media 1: with the maximum resolution and quality using H.264 that will be
directly stored on the server side without requiring much CPU power.
 Media 2: with MJPEG in VGA resolution as a source for live view and saving
bandwidth from NVR server to workstation.
The quality of the stored video is highly important – should any details be missed
during live view, they can easily be found during high quality playback.

Media 1 Saving bandwidth

(maximum resolution/H.264)
Live view
Media 2
NVR Server NVR Workstation
(VGA resolution/MJPEG)
Reduce CPU loading
for decompression.

Multi-channel live view

Storage
Quality video is stored is working smoothly
for future playback
 Dual Stream / Single Stream
• Dual stream:
– Optimize the loading of NVR recording and live view.
– The bandwidth of remote live view consumption is very small.
Media 1 Storage
(maximum resolution/H.264)

Media 2 Live view

(VGA resolution/MJPEG) NVR Server

• Single stream:
- Efficient the calculating power of camera.
Storage

Media Live view

(maximum resolution/H.264) NVR Server
 Conclusion

Clarify Networking Environment

Calculate the Bandwidth You Need

Dual Stream