Structure of DNA

Question

•What do you know

about DNA and why do
you think this molecule
is so famous?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
• DNA is the information molecule. It stores
instructions for making other large molecules,
called proteins. These instructions are stored inside
each of your cells, distributed among 46 long
structures called chromosomes. These
chromosomes are made up of thousands of shorter
segments of DNA, called genes. Each gene stores
the directions for making protein fragments, whole
proteins, or multiple specific proteins.
Nucleotides

•Nucleic acid consist of

chains of small molecules
called nucleotides,which
are held together by the
covalent bonds.
There are four nucleotide
monomers
• There are four nucleotide monomers
• The English language has a 24 letter
alphabet. In contrast, the DNA
“alphabet” has only four “letters,” the
four nucleotide monomers. They have
short and easy to remember names: A,
C, T, G. Each nucleotide monomer is
built from three simple molecular parts
Each gene is further divided into three
nucleotide subsegments called codons
• Each gene is further divided into
three nucleotide subsegments called
codons
• A codon is a segment (or piece) of
double stranded DNA that is three
nucleotides long. A gene can be
thought of as many three-nucleotide
codons strung together.
•
The Double Helix
• RNA consist of just one chain of
nucleotides.
• Nitrogen bases on the two chains of
DNA form hydrogen bonds with each
other.
• Hydrogen bonds form only between
adenine and thymine and between
guanine and cytosine.