BY:Sultan MOHI UDDIN

 A pharmacological substance that stimulates

the central nervous system and also acts as an
anticonvulsant.
 A respiratory analeptic acts on the central
nervous system to stimulate the breathing
muscles.
 Stimulate intellectual activity, speed up
thinking processes, temporarily eliminate
tiredness
 Recover from anesthesia
 Management of respiratory distress
 Apnea, particularly in infants
 Caffeine
 Theophylline
 Theobromine
 Amphetamine
 Also known as xanthine or purine derivatives
 caffeine obtain from Coffee cirabica
 IUPAC name 1, 3, 7-Trimethylpurine-2,6-
dione
 Caffeine has the most potent effect on all parts
of the brain and is preferred for its powerful
central stimulant action
 All xanthine alkaloids inhibit the
phosphodiesterase enzyme which is
responsible for the catabolism of intracellular
cyclic nucleotides (cAMP), thus, there is an
increase in the cyclic AMP levels which causes
various pharmacological actions like increase
in force of contraction of heart, relaxation of
vascular and nonvascular smooth muscles.
 As analgesics
 As additive in many drinks like cola,
tea etc
 For weight loss
 Restore mental alertness
(1, 3, 7-Trimethylpurine-2,6-dione)
 Theophylline, also known as 1,3-
dimethylxanthine
 It is a methylxanthine drug used in therapy for
respiratory diseases
 Such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) and asthma
 Lungs diseases such as asthma and
COPD
 (bronchitis, emphysema).
 Prevent wheezing
 Shortness of breath
 Theophylline
(1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dion)
 Theobromine, formerly known as xantheose
 It is a bitter alkaloid of the cacao plant
 It is found in chocolate, as well as in a number
of other foods, including the leaves of the tea
plant
 Despite its name, the compound contains no
bromine—theobromine is derived from
Theobroma the name of the genus of the cacao
tree
 Reduces Blood Pressure.
 Strengthens Tooth Enamel.
 Acts As a Mild Stimulant.
 May Raise HDL Cholesterol Levels.
 Theobromine
(3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6 dione)
 Nikethamide is a stimulant which
mainly affects the respiratory cycle.
 Known by its former trade name of
Coramine.
 It was used as a medical countermeasure
against tranquilizer overdoses.
 As respiratory stimulants
 It is circulatory stimulant with some
central nervous system activity.
 For mountain climbers to increase
endurance at high altitudes.
 Nikethamide
(N,N-Diethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide)
 Amphetamine is a central nervous
system (CNS) stimulant
 Amphetamine was discovered in 1887.
 Exists as two enantiomers i.e
levoamphetamine and
dextroamphetamine
 To treat attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
 Rarely to treat depression.
 In past to treat narcolepsy.
 For weight loss.
 Amphetamine
((RS)-1-phenylpropan-2-amine)
 (a) benz-fusion of the aromatic nucleus,
 (b) alpha-demethylation of the alkyl side
chain,
 (c) conversion of the benzylic methylene to a
carbonyl group,
 (d) conformational restriction of the side
chain. Benz-fusion and alpha-demethylation
appear to have a detrimental effect on activity
 https://www.medicalnewstoday.com
 https://www.drugs.com
 https://www.webmd.com › drug-
 https://medlineplus.gov › Medical
Encyclopedia
Thank you