CHAPTER 9 :

LIPID AND BIOLOGICAL

MEMBRANE
 Learning outcomes

 Define lipids.
 Distinguish between open chain and cyclic forms of lipid.
 Understand the structure of fatty acids, TAG, steroid and
cholesterol.
 Recognize membrane structure and its important
components.
 Distinguish between different types of biological transports.
What is a Lipid
 Lipids: a heterogeneous class of naturally occurring organic
compounds
 insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents including
diethyl ether, chloroform, methylene chloride, and acetone
 Amphipathic in nature
 Lipids include:
 Open Chain forms with polar head and non-polar tail
 triacylglycerols, sphingolipids, phosphoacylglycerols,
glycolipids,
 lipid-soluble vitamins
 prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and thromboxanes
 Cyclic forms
 cholesterol, steroid hormones, and bile acids
Fats vs Oil ?
 Fatty acid: an unbranched-chain carboxylic acid, most
commonly of 12 - 20 carbons.
 Triacylglycerol (triglyceride): an ester of glycerol with three
fatty acids
 natural soaps are prepared by boiling triglycerides (animal fats or
vegetable oils) with NaOH, in a reaction called saponification (Latin,
sapo, soap)
Steroids
 Steroids: a group of lipids that have fused-ring structure
of 3 six-membered rings, and 1 five-membered ring.
Cholesterol (an example for steroids)
BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES
 Barrier to toxic molecules
 Help accumulate nutrients
 Carry out energy transduction
 Facilitate cell motion
 Assist in reproduction
 Modulate signal transduction
 Mediate cell-cell interactions
 B

A
The Fluid Mosaic Model Describes
Membrane Dynamics
 The phospholipid bilayer is a fluid matrix
 The bilayer is a two-dimensional solvent
 Lipids and proteins can undergo rotational and
lateral movement
 Two classes of proteins:
 peripheral proteins (extrinsic proteins) – embedded in
membrane
 integral proteins (intrinsic proteins) – on membrane
surface
Active transport (uses energy)
Membrane receptor
Ion channel-linked receptor
THANK YOU