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 The
Development of
Environmental
Regimes

Environmental Issues & IR

SLIDE 4

Assignment: ‘Engaging with the World#2’

Regimes are sets of principles, procedures, norms, or
rules that govern particular issue areas within
international relations.
 REGIMES

IGOs INTERNATIONAL
LAW
 environmental
regimes

• Ozone depletion • Biodiversity loss

• Hazardous waste trade • African elephant ivory
• Toxic chemicals • Forests
• Climate change • Destertification
• Fisheries depletion
• Whaling
5 stages of regimes development
01 AGENDA SETTTING

02 FACT FINDING

03
BARGAINING

04
IMPLEMENTATION

05
REVIEW & STRENGTHENING
Case studies: strastopheric ozone depletion
 Agenda setting

• What is ozone?
• 1970s, scientiest discovered CFCs posed threat
to ozone
 Fact finding

• To the late 1980s no evidence yet emerged,

but bargaining process began already
 Bargaining process

• The US as lead state

• European Community as veto states
• Developing countries as veto states
• The 1985 Vienna Convention
• The 1987 Montreal Protocol
 Bargaining process
continues
• Lead states wanted a freeze (95 percent
reduction)
• Veto coalition wanted placing cap on
production
• Developing countries were given 10 extra
years
 Implementation and
Strengthening
• Change happened...
• The EC disunity
• Role of UNEP
• Diplomatic pressure by the US
• Development of alternative of CFCs
• Multilateral fund
 Bargaining process
continues
• Change happened...
• The EC disunity
• Role of UNEP
• Diplomatic pressure by the US
• Development of alternative of CFCs
• Multilateral fund
Assignment
‘Engage with the World’ #2
 Next week online activity
Create PPT of the development of one environmental
regime
Prepare your group proposal !