1.

Describe the relationship between the hospitality industry and travel and tourism

2. List major components of business travel.

3. Name and describe ways tourism is promoted.

4. Define destination image and explain how such images affect where people choose
to travel.

5. Discuss the positive and negative effects of tourism.

• Not all travel involves tourism. Eg; refugees, migrants, explores and soldiers.

• tourism involve the movement of visitors to a place to enjoy its attractions, special events,
hospitality, lodging, food and entertainment.

• The tourism industry is concerned with attractions and events that draw tourists and
excursionists to an area.

•The hospitality industry and travel and tourism share an interdependency that can be seen
in the roles that destinations and hospitality facilities play in motivating people to travel.
 TOURIST

People who takes trips of 100

miles or more and stay at least
one night away from home

EXCURSIONIST

People who travel to a site and

return home the same day
•The Langkawi Island are a popular tourism site in Malaysia an indeed contribute for 75% of
tourist arrivals in the state of Kedah.

• The beauty of the Langkawi Island isn’t enough to become a successful tourism
destination, a good means of transportation, variety of choices in lodging establishments,
good restaurants, attractions and well planned promotional strategies contribute to the
overall success of Langkawi’s tourism industry.

• A destination is a location where travelers choose to visit and spend time, no matter what
their motivations, need and expectations.

• Components of hospitality and tourism are interrelated. Without attractions and hospitality
establishments, there is usually no popular destinations.

• The interdependence among the components of hospitality, travel and tourism is strong.
Especially in those countries that rely on hospitality and tourism for a major portion of its
economic base.
 Proper roads

Wheeled carts
Military powers

Historical ties
among hospitality,
travel and tourism

Religion
Educational and cultural tours
Business Multiple
Activities Motivations

Leisure-Time
Activities
• Meeting, congress
• Business trips
• Conventions
• Exhibitions
BUSINESS TRIP AND CONVENTIONS…
• Destination choice for the business travel is rarely matter of personal
taste or preferences.

• Demand for business travel is not as elastic as the demand for pleasure
travel. Whether the economy is good or bad, certain type of business travel
must still take place.

• The business travel is also less seasonal than pleasure travel, usually
occurs throughout the year.

• Convention or Congress referred to a meeting with large numbers of

people in attendance. Usually held by large corporations, government
agencies and other organizations known as SMERF (social, military,
educational, religious and fraternal)

• Trade shows and expositions held mainly for informational exchanges

among trade people.
VISIT FRIENDS AND RELATIVES…
• Visit friends and relatives
 STUDY…

• Study abroad
• Study trip
• Broaden education
 NATURE & RECREATION…
• Outdoor recreation, general sightseeing
• Escape from daily routine
• Romance
• Entertainment
 HEALTH…
• Refreshment of body and mind- reduce stress,
tension
• Medical appointment
PLASTIC SURGERY
 RELIGION…

• Muslim – Umrah / haji

• Hindu – Sg. Gangga
 EVENTS…
• Commonwealth Games
• F1
• World Cup
• Monsoon Cup
 Others…

•Hobbies

ROMANCE
•Shopping
• Any one destination may be chosen for a
number of reasons. One person might visit the
historical city of Malacca to study the historic
side of the city, while others might travel there
to appreciate the architectural beauty.

• One destination may offer different

motivations to the same visitors.
• Marketing is related group of business activities that have the purpose of satisfying
demands for goods and services for consumers, businesses and government.

• The combined efforts of the various hospitality network shaped and developed destinations
through various marketing strategies.

• Destination development begins with an idea and the selection of a site. Some site are
natural and some are constructed.

•Some privately owned destinations are developed for reasons other than making a profit.
Eg; to preserved it.

•Other sites, such as Genting Highlands are developed by entrepreneurs who invest in the
destination to make a profit.

•Private developers may work with government agencies during the planning, funding and
building stages.
• Providing facilities at government-owned destinations. Eg; beaches &
Tugu Negara.
•Involved in planning and promoting sites and events.
• Raise money through bond and taxes to build convention centers and
stadium.
• Reducing or waiving taxes and incentives.
• Develop and operate mass transit systems, airports, shipping docks and
highways.
• control the flow of people across the borders. Usually by diplomatic
agreements.
• International level – The World Tourism Organization (WTO)
The Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA)

•National Level - The Ministry of Tourism

Tourism Malaysia

• State Level - Selangor Tourism Board

• Regional and Local Level – (LADA)

• Tourist may choose specific destination based on images.

• It is indeed a major factor in determining where a family will go for a

vacation or a business entity will hold its conventions.

• Every destination has an image and one person’s image of a particular

place may differ from others.

Langkawi Disneyland
• An image of a place can be portrait in a form of books, movies,
television, postcards, songs, photographs, new stories and commercial
advertising.

• A flourishing tourism in Malaysia are the result of a successful image

portraits in ‘Malaysia-truly Asia’ campaign by the Tourism Malaysia.

• some government are battling with negative image drawn by

previous bad experiences such as war, terrorist attack and etc.
 Shopping,
Honeymoon

• Functional Image :
impression of a destination
associated with techniques
from diferent cultures.

•Symbolic Image :
Fashion,
Relationship between one’s
Romance City
self concept and the
destination’s image.
Tour Packages • Is a composite of related services offered at a single price.
• Might include a day of sightseeing by chartered bus, with lunch at
a popular restaurant.
Frequent Flyer / • Promotions designed to gain customer brand loyalty.
Frequent Guest • by continuing to stay at the same brand hotel, travelers earn
free trips or free (or upgraded) lodging
Program
Familiarization • Is a free or reduce-price trip given to travel agents, travel writers
and others who will then promote the destinations.
Trip
• serve as an excellent promotional tool, giving the individual
firsthand experience with the facilities, services an attractions
available at a destination.
High-tech • Those businesses which target business travelers offer extra
services that facilitate business transaction.
Amenities
• City hotels usually have business center to cater for business
travelers. Some went beyond by offering 24hour internet excess
and fax facilities inside guest rooms.
Women •Women travelers is gaining more attention from marketers.
Travelers •Some hotels instituted women-only floors with pastel-
colored rooms and provided women-oriented magazines.
•Service and security were of most important.
• Middlemen are business firms that distribute products from the producer to the clients.
Travel middlemen are called Travel Intermediaries.

Retail Travel • Is a retailer in travel service who receives income directly from
supplier and other intermediaries in the form of commissions.
Agents
• Serve as counselor, advising and recommending destinations,
hotel, carriers, and etc.
Tour • Is a company or individual who design and package tours.
Wholesalers & • Package may include airline seats, hotel rooms, meals, ground
transportation, car rental and visits to tourist attractions.
Operators
• It will then be sold to clients or through retail travel agents
• The Charter operator assembles a package tour and sells it to
the public or tour groups.
•Tour operator may then sell the package to groups of tourist.
•Inbound operators specialize in providing tour packages to
international travelers visiting a specific city.
Corporate • In corporate travel manager in large corporation
Travel • Handles all aspects of travel arrangement for employees in the
corporation
Managers
• Can reduce travel costs and increase bargaining power in
negotiating prices for hotels, carriers and other type of travel
services
Incentive •Is a marketing and management tool used by many corporations
to motivate clients, salesperson, and other employees in meeting
Houses
sales objectives.
•Incentive travel can be a powerful management and marketing
tool and in the same time motivate salespeople in retail outlet.
Meeting • Coordinate every detail of meetings and conventions.
Planners • Need specialized knowledge and skills to handle efficiently all
these details for an events.
• Visitor spending provides income and profit for many businesses. (hotels, restaurants, grocery
stores)

• Everyone living in the destination area receive some economic benefits directly from business
travel.

• Also generates government revenue from direct taxation of tourism business and tourists.

• Direct spending is money that goes directly from traveler into the economy (payment for
hotel rooms, entertainment, souvenirs, etc)

• The respending of money is called indirect spending. (hotel buy F&B item from local
supplier, supplier buy from farmer)

• The respending which expand the economy is called multiplier effect

• The greater the multiplier effect, the more advantageous tourist spending is to the local
economy
 • Tourism can also have a negative impact.

• Opportunity costs is the benefit that will be sacrificed by using a resources one way
rather than another. ( the costs of developing tourism rather than some other industry.
Example: airports vs manufacturing plant.)

• Leakage is money that flows out of the local economy to purchase outside resources.
The more imports that are necessary, the higher the leakage will be.

• The globalization of business. The emergence of multinational corporation has also

affected the tourism income in destination areas. Much of the profit from the tourism
business returns to the home countries.

• Some aspects of leakage are considered necessary. Necessary leakage refers to the cost
of promoting the destination abroad.

Minimizing leakage
• Through trade negotiation.
•Limit foreign ownership
•Training programs offered to local employees and reduce the number of expatriate
employees
Changing Family Lifestyle
• Local residents might benefited with increase in family income. It will then lead to changing
lifestyle, demand for better housing, change in dress, eating habits and etc.
• Local people adopting practices from tourist is known as demonstration effect. It can have
a negative outcome. A feeling of envy or resentment toward affluent visitor may result
•Traditional relationship between the young and the old may change as young people take
jobs in tourist business.

Cultural Awareness and Preservation

•Increase understanding among people of different nations. Our stereotypic view of people in
other countries can change with a single visit.
•Tourism can also help preserve historical sites and culture
•Helping traditional arts and crafts to survive.
•Contribute to the undermining of social standards and to the commercialization of a culture.

Social ills
•Social ills include such problem as crime, displacement and discrimination.
•Can cause displacement as local residents find they can no longer live in their community
after it has been newly developed as destinations.
•Discrimination against local employees.
•When appropriately planned and managed, tourism can contribute to the preservation
and protection of the environment. Too much tourism or poorly planned tourism
however can result in pollution and damage to the natural environment.

•Other problem is carrying capacity. It is the maximum number of people who can
use the destination without causing the environment to deteriorate and the quality of
the visitor experience is decreased.

•Have to maintain and balance between the preservation of our natural and cultural
heritages and tourism development.

•The employees in hospitality and tourism sector must be well trained in the principles
of conservation.
TRENDS
 Ecotourism, sustainable tourism, and heritage
tourism will continue to grow
 Tourist arrivals will continue to increase
 Governments will increasingly recognize the
importance of tourism
 More bilateral treaties signed
 The promotion and development of tourism will
move more from the public sector (government) to
the private sector (involved industry segments)
 Technology will continue to advance
 Marketing partnerships and corporate alliances will
increase
 Employment prospects will continue to improve
 Ticketless air travel will continue to increase
Trends
 Increased Internet bookings
 Managing destinations will continue to be a challenge
 Low-cost, no-frills airlines will continue to gain an
increased market share
 Airlines will try to entice travelers to book their trips via
the airline’s website
 Automatic airport check-ins will become more popular
 Cruise industry will continue to expand
 Increase in alternative cruises
 Increased concern for the health and safety of travel and
tourism
 Nature, culinary, and volunteer tourism will increase