Lesson 1: SPEECH

TO INFORM
Informative speech
• An informative Speech is one whose goals is to explain
or describe facts, truths, and principles in a way that
stimulates interest, facilitate understanding, and increases
the likelihood of remembering. In short, informative
speech is simply designed to educate audiences.

• Informative speech answer questions about a topic,

such those beginning with who, when, what, where, why,
how to, and how does.
 Techniques Use Example

Presentational aids To provide the opportunity for the audience to A diagram of the process of making ethanol
retain a visual as well as an audio memory of
important or difficult material.

Repetition To give the audience a second or third chance to “The first dimension of romantic love is passion;
retain important information by repeating or that is, it can’t really be romantic love if there is
paraphrasing it. no sexual attraction.”

Transition To increase the likelihood that the audience will “So the three characteristics of romantic love are
retain the relationships among the information passion, intimacy, and commitment. Now let’s
being presented, including which information is look at each of the five ways you can keep love
primary and which is supporting. alive. The first is through mall talk.”

Humour and other emotional anecdotes To create and emotional memory link to important “True love is like a pair of socks; you’ve got to
ideas have two, and your partner need to be mutually
committed and compatible

Mnemonics and acronyms To provide an easily remembered memory prompt “you can remember the four criteria for evaluating
or shortcut to increase the likelihood that a list is a diamond as the four C’s carat, clarity, cut, and
retained color.”
CHARACTERISTIC
OF EFFECTIVE
INFORMATIVE
SPEAKING
1. Intellectually stimulating- Your listener will distinguish information to be
intellectually stimulating when it is new to them and when it is explained in a
way that arouses their curiosity and interest
2. Relevant- a general rule to remember when preparing informative speeches
it this; don’t assume your listeners will recognise how the information you
share is relevant to them. Remember to incorporate listener relevance links
throughout the speech.
3. Creative – Your audience will think your information to be creative when it
gives innovative or cutting edges. For the creative process to work, you also
have to think productively.
4. Productive thinking – happens when you ponder something from an array
of angles. In an article “Thinking Like a Genius” author Michael Micalko
describes several strategies you can use to become a productive thinker. They
include:
5. Rethink a topic, issue, or problem many perspectives.
6. Make your thoughts visible by sketching drawings, diagrams, and
graphs.
7. Set regular goals actually produce something.
8. Memorable.
9. Diverse learning styles.
METHODS OF
INFORMING
 Description
• is a method used to create a precise, vivid, verbal
picture of an object, geographic feature, setting,
event, person, and image. This method answers
an overarching “who,” “what,” “where” question.
To describe something effectively; you can
explain its size, shape, weight, colour,
composition, age, condition, and spatial
organization
 Definition
• is a method that explains the meaning of something.
There are four ways to to define something.
 The first method is to define a word of idea by classifying it and
differentiating it from similar words or ideas.
 The second method is to define a word by explaining its derivation
or history.
 The third method is to define a word by explaining its use or
function.
 The fourth method is define something by using a familiar
synonyms or antonyms.
 Comparison and contrast
• is a method of informing that centers on
how something is similar to and different
from other thing.

Narrative
• is a method that retells an
autobiographical event, myth, or other
story. Narratives usually have four parts.
 First the narration tells the listener by describing when and where the
event took place and by announcing essential characters.
 Second the narration discusses the order of event that led to a
complication or problem, including details that enhance the
progression.
 Third, the narration explains how complication or problem affected
the key characters.
 Finally the narration recounts the manner by which the complication
or problem was solved.

Demonstration
• is a method that shows how something is
done, displays, the stages of process, or
exhibits how something works.
 Guidelines for Choosing an
Organizational Pattern
Patterns Use when Possible topics
Chronological You want to show a step-by-step Vacation to the province Growth of
progression and/or you want to discuss banana tree
an event, phenomenon, or concepts
over time.

Spatial You want to help the audience An interesting island

visualize something you are describing The new gym
and/or you want to describe something The park at the neighbourhood
by moving from point to point through
space.

Categorical You want to emphasize the Department of the ABS company

significance of the categories of
divisions in some way or you are
interested in a flexible approach to
organization/
Casual You want your audience to understand The effects of bad study habits
those factors (causes) that have Good study habits advantages
contributed to some outcome (effects) Healthy diet and its consequences
or you want your audience to
understand the impact (effects) of some
problem or phenomenon.

Problem-Solution You want to make your audience Noise pollution

understand a problem more fully, while Water pollution
acknowledging associated solutions, or Scarcity of resources
you want to help your audience
become aware of diverse solutions to a
problem without advocating any one of
them
Lesson 2: SPEECH
TO PERSUADE
 Persuasion
is the process of altering or reinforcing attitudes, beliefs, values,
or behaviour. Although knowing your listeners attitudes, beliefs,
and values can help you write any message, these three
variables when explaining psychological audience analysis are
especially necessary to include when drafting and presenting a
persuasive message. Your attitudes exhibit our likes and
dislike. Technically speaking, a mental outlook is a learned
choice to reply positively or negatively towards something. A
belief is what you understand to be true or false. If you believe
in something you are convinced that it exist or is true. A value
is a lasting concept or right or wrong, good or bad. If you value
something, you classify it is a good or desirable, and you tend to
think its opposite or it absence as bad or wrong.
 Ways to present your ideas
cognitive dissonance
Hierarchy of needs
Positive motivation
Description
Telling listeners about existing
problem or information with their
currently held beliefs or known
information creates psychological
information
People are motivated by unmet needs.
The most basic needs are
physiological, followed by safety
needs, social needs, self-esteem needs,
and finally, self- actualization needs
People will more likely change their
thinking or pursue particular course of
action if they are convinced that good
things will happen to them if they
support what speaker advocates
Examples
My high-school students today are not
computer literate. Without this
knowledge, your student will not be
competitive today’s job market. You
should support the local bond proposal
that would provide more money for
computers in our schools.
You could be the envy of people you
know if you purchased this new sleek
sports car. You will be perceived as a
person of high status in your
community.
You should take a course in public
speaking because it will increase your
prospect of getting a good job.
Effective communication skills are the
most sought-after skills in today’s
workplace
Positive motivation People will more likely change their
thinking or pursue particular course of
action if they are convinced that good
things will happen to them if they
support what speaker advocates
Negative motivation People seek to avoid pain and
discomfort. They will be motivated to
support what a speaker advocates if
they are convinced that bad things will
happen to them unless they do.
You should take a course in public
speaking because it will increase your
prospect of getting a good job.
Effective communication skills are the
most sought-after skills in today’s
workplace
If you receive a letter or package that
looks suspicious because it is
unusually lumpy, has no return
address, is marked “personal” or
“confidential” or is from someone you
do nit know, wash your hands after
you touch it. Report the suspicious
letter or package to the post office
immediately if you do not heed these
suggestions, you increase the chances
of being contaminated by a biological
agent.
Lesson 3: SPEECH
TO ENTERTAIN
• The speech to entertain usually happens in
an after-dinner situation, or at the same time
when the audience does not expect to be
asked to think very hard or to take a very
serious action.
• Purposes and Challenges of the Speech to
Entertain
• The overarching of the speech to entertain
is to help listeners to enjoy themselves. The
speaker whose purpose is to entertain is not the
same as the stand-up comedian. Rather, in the
context of enjoyment, most speakers seek also to
impart some sort of memorable messages.
 • Enjoyment versus Humour
• Creating enjoyment, it should be pointed out, does not
always means being funny. In fact, successful speeches to
entertain will probably include a lot of informative material,
they will stick to a central theme or point, and however light-
hearted, many, like a good fable, will have a moral at the end.
For the audience, enjoyment comes from being relaxed and
interested in the point of moral communication, and not
necessarily from being amused. A speaker could give a speech
with such specific purposes as the following;
- I want my audience to enjoy my story when I was learning how to
ride a bicycle
- I want my audience to enjoy my explanation of how horror movies
are made
- I want my audience to enjoy a description of my first mountain
climbing adventure.
•Preparing and Presenting
the Speech to Entertain
a.Aim to stimulate enjoyment
in your audience.
b.Make your presentation
brief.
c.Provide memory message
 Basic part of a Speech to
Entertain
• Introduction

• Your task as a speaker in the speech to

entertain is to star it by stimulating the audience’s
attention, setting the mood, and creating the main point.
Do not attempt to present a serious or complicated
concepts/ idea that makes your audience think because
your only goal is to give the listener a total entertainment
experience.
 • Body

• Always remember the kind of audience you have, the occasion

and your speaking skill as well as limitations when you plan
you speech.

1. A topical order or a chronological order is especially

appropriate.

• A single long narrative is a popular devise in entertaining. A

narrative when presented as an illustration holds attention
makes a point and is interesting. A good narrative tells a story,
for entertaining speech, the story should be humorous.

1. Description also can be used in the body of the speech to

entertain.
 Conclusion
• the conclusion is usually very short and
maintains to carry the robust and joyful
mood that as maintained throughout the
speech, specific device s for concluding
were discussed in the previous lesson
should be reviewed as a means of
determining which technique best suits
the specific occasion