MODULE- 3

Text and image compression: Introduction, Compression principles, text

compression, image Compression. (Chap 3 of Text 1)

Distributed multimedia systems: Introduction, main Features of a DMS,

Resource management of DMS, Networking, Multimedia operating
systems (Chap. 4 - Sections 4.1 to 4.5 of Text 2).
RBT Levels L1, L2, L3
Text Books:
1. Fred Halsall, “Multimedia Communications”, Pearson education, 2001
ISBN -9788131709948.
2. K. R. Rao, Zoran S. Bojkovic, Dragorad A. Milovanovic, “Multimedia
Communication Systems”, Pearson education, 2004. ISBN -
9788120321458

Reference Book:
Raifsteinmetz, Klara Nahrstedt, “Multimedia: Computing,
Communications and
Applications”, Pearson education, 2002. ISBN -9788177584417
Image compression
A lossless compression algorithm must be used when transferring
graphical images.
 Two different schemes are used for the compression of bit-map
images:
(1) based on a combination of run-length and statistical encoding
(lossless). (e.g. fax)
(2) based on a combination of transform, differential and, run-
length encoding (loss). (e.g. JPG)
 The most widely adopted image coding standard has been
developed by an international standards body known as the Joint
Photographic Experts Group (JPEG).
GIF ( Graphics Interchange Format)
• GIF is an image file format commonly used for images on
the web and sprites in software programs. Unlike the
JPEG image format, GIFs uses lossless compression that
does not degrade the quality of the image. However, GIFs
store image data using indexed color, meaning a standard
GIF image can include a maximum of 256 colors.
• GIF images are compressed using the Lempel–Ziv–
Welch (LZW) lossless data compression technique to
reduce the file size without degrading the visual quality.
Tagged Image file Format (TIFF)
• Tagged image file format (TIFF)
• Supports pixel resolution up to 48 bits (16 bits
• for R,G,B)
• Information can be stored in number of ways
• The particular format being used is indicated by
• a code
• Uncompressed format code 1
• LZW compressed code 5
• Codes 2,3,4 are used for digitized documents