ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING

(ERP)

PRESENTED BY-
 MONALISHA KARMAKAR (02228)
 AHELEE BHATTACHERJEE (02229)
 NAWAZ AHMED (02230)
 ANIRBAN MAITY (02231)
 MD IZHAR AKHTER (02232)

DR. B. C. ROY ENGINEERING COLLEGE , DURGAPUR (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) 1

 Introduction to Vizag Steel Plant
HISTORY
 Visakhapatnam Steel Plant, popularly known as Vizag Steel, is an integrated steel producer
in Visakhapatnam, India built using German and Soviet technology.

 A new company Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited (RINL) was formed on 18 February 1982. Visakhapatnam
Steel Plant was separated from SAIL and RINL was made the corporate entity of Visakhapatnam Steel
Plant in April 1982.

INFRASTRUCTURE

 Coke Ovens and Coal Chemical Plant

 Sinter plant
 Blast furnace
 Calcining and Refractory Material Plant
 Steel Melt Shop and Continuous Casting
 Light and Medium Merchant Mill
 Medium Merchant and Structural Mill
 Wire rod mill
 Steel melt shop
 THERMAL power plan

DR. B. C. ROY ENGINEERING COLLEGE , DURGAPUR (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) 2

  ERP is an integrated system that allows information
to enter at a single point in the process and update a
single, shared database for all functions that directly
or indirectly depend on this information.

Enterprise system software is a multibillion-

INTRODUCTION

dollar industry that produces components
supporting a variety of business functions. IT
TO ERP investments have become the largest category
of capital expenditure in United States-based
businesses over the past decade. Though early
ERP systems focused on large enterprises,
smaller enterprises increasingly use ERP
systems.

DR. B. C. ROY ENGINEERING COLLEGE , DURGAPUR (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) 3

FEATURES OF ERP

 Integrate system across locations

 Replace legacy system
 Improve business performances
 Standardize global operations
 Appease parent company/stake holders

DR. B. C. ROY ENGINEERING COLLEGE , DURGAPUR (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) 4

VARIOUS MODULES
OF ERP
 HUMAN RESOURCE
 PLANNING
 INVENTORY MANAGEMENT
 REPORTING
 CRM
 SALES AND MARKETING
 FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING
 PRODUCTION

DR. B. C. ROY ENGINEERING COLLEGE , DURGAPUR (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) 5

 IMPLEMENTATION
OF ERP IN RINL
 The process of ERP implementation in VIZAG STEEL started
during 2003-04 after observing the successful
implementation in one of the Indian steel making companies.
Various approaches have been adopted initially for
implementing ERP. However, a systematic and globally
defined process for implementation of ERP in VIZAG steel
was adopted during 2006-07 and project is named as Project
“UKKU Sankalp” with the following objectives:
 Create enabling culture for system based working
 Seamless integration of all business functions of RINL
 VISIBILITY OF appropriate information to all stake holders
 Enable faster decision making through electronic approval
system
 Improve RINL’s ability to conduct E-business with its vendors
& customers.
 Provide Employee Self Service to access individual specific
HR information.

DR. B. C. ROY ENGINEERING COLLEGE , DURGAPUR (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) 6

 Servers:

 A server is a program that awaits and fulfills

requests from client programs in the same or
other computers. A given application in a
computer may function as a client with
HARDWARE USED requests for services from other programs and
also as a server of requests from other
IN THE ERP programs.

 In information technology, a server is a

computer program that provides services to
other computer programs (and their users) in
the same or other computers.

DR. B. C. ROY ENGINEERING COLLEGE , DURGAPUR (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY)

7
 Types of Servers Used in ERP
Servers used in ERP Department at VSP
APPLICATION
 1. Application Server NAS SERVER
(NETWORK DATA BASE
 2. Data Base Server ATTACHED SERVER
STORAGE)
 3. Rack Mount Server



4. Web Server
5. Blade Server
SAN
(STORAGE TYPES RACE
MOUNT

OF
AREA
SERVER
NETWORK)
 6. Quorum Server



7. Back up Server
8. SAN (Storage Area Network) BACK UP
SERVER WEB SERVER
SERVER
 9. NAS (Network Attached Storage)

QUORUM BLADE
SERVER SERVER
DR. B. C. ROY ENGINEERING COLLEGE , DURGAPUR (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY)
8
  Application server is a program that handles all
application operations between users and an
organization's back end business applications or
databases.

Applications  Database server is the term used to refer to the

Server & back-end system of a database application using
client/server architecture. The back-end,
Database Server sometimes called a database server, performs
tasks such as data analysis, storage, data
manipulation, archiving, and other non-user
specific tasks.

DR. B. C. ROY ENGINEERING COLLEGE , DURGAPUR (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) 9

 Rack Mount &
Blade Server

 A rack server, also called a rack-

mounted server, is a computer
dedicated to use as a server and
designed to be installed in a framework
called a rack. The rack contains multiple
mounting slots called bays, each
designed to hold a hardware unit
secured in place with screws.

 A blade server is essentially a single

circuit board populated with
components such as processors,
memory, and network connections that
are usually found on multiple boards.

DR. B. C. ROY ENGINEERING COLLEGE , DURGAPUR (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) 10

Web Server

 A Web server is a computer system that hosts websites. It runs Web server
software, such as Apache or Microsoft IIS, which provides access to hosted
webpages over the Internet. Most Web servers are connected to the Internet via
a high-speed connection, offering OC-3 or faster data transmission rates. A fast
Internet connection allows Web servers to support multiple connections at one
time without slowing down.
 A Web server serves fixed substance to a Web browser by loading a file from any
storage device and helping it transversely the network to a user's Web browser.
The conversation between browser and server make possible via HTTP mediate
this intact exchange. At its core, a Web server serves static content to a Web
browser by loading a file from a disk and serving it across the network to a user's
Web browser. This entire exchange is mediated by the browser and server talking
to each other using HTTP.

DR. B. C. ROY ENGINEERING COLLEGE , DURGAPUR (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) 11

Quorum server

 The quorum server is an alternate form of cluster lock that uses a server program running
on a separate system for tie-breaking. Should equal sized groups of nodes become
separated from each other, the quorum server allows one group to achieve quorum and
form the cluster, while the other group is denied quorum and cannot start a cluster.
 A quorum server can be used in clusters of any size. The quorum server is an alternate
form of cluster lock that uses a server program running on a separate system for tie-
breaking rather than a lock disk. Should two equal sized groups of nodes (exactly 50% of
the cluster in each group) become separated from each other, the quorum server allows
one group to achieve quorum and form the cluster, while the other group is denied
quorum and cannot start a cluster.
 The quorum server process runs on a machine outside of the cluster for which it is
providing quorum services. The quorum server listens to connection requests from the
Service guard nodes on a known port. The server maintains a special area in memory for
each cluster, and when a node obtains the cluster lock, this area is marked so that other
nodes will recognize the lock as “taken.” The cluster will maintain this mark during an
off-on power cycle of the quorum server.

DR. B. C. ROY ENGINEERING COLLEGE , DURGAPUR (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) 12

 Proxy Servers
 These servers sits between a client application, such as a Web browser, and a real server. It
intercepts all requests to the real server to see if it can fulfill the requests itself. If not, it forwards
the request to the real server.
 Proxy servers have two main purposes:
 Improve Performance: Proxy servers can dramatically improve performance for groups of users. This
is because it saves the results of all requests for a certain amount of time. Consider the case where
both user X and user Y access the World Wide Web through a proxy server. First user X requests a
certain Web page, which we'll call Page 1. Sometime later, user Y requests the same page. Instead of
forwarding the request to the Web server where Page 1 resides, which can be a time-consuming
operation, the proxy server simply returns the Page 1 that it already fetched for user X. Since the
proxy server is often on the same network as the user, this is a much faster operation. Real proxy
servers support hundreds or thousands of users. The major online services such as America Online,
MSN and Yahoo, for example, employ an array of proxy servers.
 Filter Requests: Proxy servers can also be used to filter requests. For example, a company might use
a proxy server to prevent its employees from accessing a specific set of Web sites.
 Managing Data centers in VSP;
 a. Power supply
DR. B. C. ROY ENGINEERING COLLEGE , DURGAPUR (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) 13
 b. Cooling
 SAN (storage area networks)
 A network which is created by attaching storage devices such as disk arrays and tapes to a common
server so that the storage devices appear to be confined to operating system is known as storage
area network. Three parts are there in SAN
 a. Switches
 b. Processor
 c. Storage area
 How SAN Works
 Data in SAN can be stored using two basic modules as DAS (Direct Attached Storage) and NAS
(Network Attached Storage). DAS is so named because it is a directly attached to a server without
any intermediary network involved. Main distinguishing character of DAS is its direct connectivity
through a host bus adapter without the use of the networking devices as hubs, bridges and switches.
In a network attached storage system, many independent clients can access the storage memory.
The aim of the NAS is to provide only file based storage devices. DAS can also provide multiple and
parallel access if we equip this network with multiple ports. In the same way we can convert NAS to
a DAS by disconnecting the entire network and attach the port to a single computer. DAS can be
termed as an inefficient network because it cannot share its idle resources with other units in the
network
DR. B. C. ROY ENGINEERING COLLEGE , DURGAPUR (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) 14
Network
 A computer network, often simply referred to as a network, is a collection of computers and devices
interconnected by communications channels that facilitate communications and allows sharing of
resources and information among interconnected devices.
 The three types of networks are: the Internet, the intranet, and the extranet. Examples of different
network methods are:
 Local area network (LAN), which is usually a small network constrained to a small geographic area. An
example of a LAN would be a computer network within a building.
 Metropolitan area network (MAN), which is used for medium size area. Examples for a city or a state.
 Wide area network (WAN) that is usually a larger network that covers a large geographic area.
 Wireless LANs and WANs (WLAN & WWAN) are the wireless equivalent of the LAN and WAN.
 Networks may be classified according to a wide variety of characteristics such as topology, connection
method and scale.All networks are interconnected to allow communication with a variety of different
kinds of media, including twisted-pair copper wire cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber, power lines and
various wireless technologies.
 The devices can be separated by a few meters (e.g. via Bluetooth) or nearly unlimited distances (e.g.
via the interconnections of the Internet).Networking, routers, routing protocols, and networking over
the public Internet have their specifications defined in documents called RFCs.
DR. B. C. ROY ENGINEERING COLLEGE , DURGAPUR (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) 15
 Network Infrastructure in RINL

 Visakhapatnam Steel Plant (VSP) presently is having IBM 3090 catering the
need of various computer applications running on it, for the entire plant.
This Mainframe computer system is associated with its SNA network for
catering the needs of mainframe connection to various units of plant. As this
system is old and outdated the entire Mainframe system is being replaced
with new computer system of open standard (i.e. client server system).

DR. B. C. ROY ENGINEERING COLLEGE , DURGAPUR (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) 16

 Software used in ERP
 SAP:
 SAP, started in 1972 by five former IBM employees in Mannheim, Germany, states that it is the world's
largest inter-enterprise software company and the world's fourth-largest independent software
supplier, overall.
 The original name for SAP was German: Systeme, Anwendungen, Produkte, German for "Systems
Applications and Products." The original SAP idea was to provide customers with the ability to interact
with a common corporate database for a comprehensive range of applications. Gradually, the
applications have been assembled and today many corporations, including IBM and Microsoft, are using
SAP products to run their own businesses.
 SAP applications, built around their latest R/3 system, provide the capability to manage financial,
asset, and cost accounting, production operations and materials, personnel, plants, and archived
documents. The R/3 system runs on a number of platforms including Windows 2000 and uses the
client/server model. The latest version of R/3 includes a comprehensive Internet-enabled package.
 SAP has recently recast its product offerings under a comprehensive Web interface, called mySAP.com,
and added new e-business applications, including customer relationship management (CRM) and supply
chain management (SCM).
 As of January 2007, SAP, a publicly traded company, had over 38,4000 employees in over 50 countries,
DR. B. C. ROY ENGINEERING COLLEGE , DURGAPUR (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) 17
and more than 36,200 customers around the world. SAP is turning its attention to small- and-medium
sized businesses (SMB). A recent R/3 version was provided for IBM's AS/400 platform.
 A.B.A.P
(Advanced Bussiness Application Programming)

 ABAP (Advanced Business Application

Programming) is a programming language for
developing applications for the SAP R/3
system, a widely-installed business
application subsystem. The latest version,
ABAP Objects, is object-oriented
programming. SAP will run applications
written using ABAP/4, the earlier ABAP
version, as well as applications using ABAP
Objects. It is 4th generation language and it
is a proprietary language of SAP.
SAP’s original business model for R/3 was developed before the idea of an object-
oriented model was widespread. The transition to the object-oriented model reflects an
increased customer demand for it. ABAP Objects uses a single inheritance model and full
support for object features such as encapsulation, polymorphism, and persistence.
DR. B. C. ROY ENGINEERING COLLEGE , DURGAPUR (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) 18
 ABAP Data Dictionary
 Data definitions (metadata) are created and managed in
the ABAP Dictionary.

 The most important object types in the ABAP Dictionary

are tables, views, types, domains, search helps and lock
objects.

 Views are logical views on more than one table. The

structure of the view is defined in the ABAP Dictionary.

 The structure of a type can be defined globally in ABAP

programs. Changes to a type automatically take effect in all the
programs using the type.

 Lock objects are used to synchronize access to the

same data by more than one user. Function modules that can be
DR. B. C. ROY ENGINEERING COLLEGE , DURGAPUR (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) 19
used in application programs are generated from the definition
of a lock object in the ABAP.
 ABAP Workbench
ABAP Workbench is a set of programs for
developing enterprise resource management (ERM)
applications that run in the R/3 subsystem from SAP.
The latest version includes ABAP Objects, an object-
oriented programming language. R/3 will also run
programs written in the earlier ABAP/4 language.

Integration in the ABAP Workbench :

 The ABAP Dictionary is completely integrated
in the ABAP Workbench. The R/3 System
works interpretatively, permitting the ABAP
Dictionary to be actively integrated in the
development environment. Instead of the
original objects, the interpreters see only
DR. B. C. internal
ROY ENGINEERINGrepresentations of TECHNOLOGY)
COLLEGE , DURGAPUR (INFORMATION these objects. 20
 ABAP syntactic rules
 ABAP Syntactic Rules:
 ABAP is not case sensitive but space sensitive.
 • All user defined objects (program name) should start with either ‘Z’ or ‘Y’.
 • All statements should terminate with period(.).
 • For printing the statements on the output screen (list) we should use single quotes.
 • To comment whole line we have to keep *(star) in the first position of the line.
 • To comment from particular position of a line “(double quotes) should be used.
 • Declaration of a variable which allows the user to enter the input at runtime is done with keyword PARAMETERS.
 • Declaration of a variable which is used in the program is done with the keyword DATA.
 • Execution Commands:
 Shortcut keys -> Action
 Ctrl+F2 -> Checking for errors
 Ctrl+F3->Activate the program & create runtime object
 F8 ->Execution of the total program
 F5 ->Line by line execution
 F6 ->To come out of loop
 F7 ->To come out of function module
 /hs ->This switches into debugging mode and activates the debugging of system functions.
DR. B. C. ROY ENGINEERING COLLEGE , DURGAPUR (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) 21
 Transaction Codes for ABAP
Transaction code
Usage
(T-code)

/NSE22 SAP Easy Access Screen

/NSE38 SAP Editor

/NSE32 SAP Program creation

/NSE37 Function module Creation

/NSE11 ABAP Data Dictionary

/NSE21 Package builder

/NSE51
DR. B. C. ROY ENGINEERING COLLEGE , DURGAPUR (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) Screen Painter 22
 Comparison between ABAP & C language

Action ‘C’ language ABAP

Giving input at run time Scanf PARAMETERS

Getting output on screen Printf WRITE

End of the statement ; .

New line /n /
For one line comment // *
More than one line
/* */ ‘’
comment
Not equal != ><
DR. B. C. ROY ENGINEERING COLLEGE , DURGAPUR (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) 23
 Types of ABAP Programs
 Executable Program :
An executable program can contain all possible declarative statements. All processing blocks are possible except
for function modules.

 Function Group(Function Pool) :

A function group can contain all types of declarative statements. All processing blocks are supported except for the
reporting event blocks. They support classical dynpros as well as selection screens.

 Module Pool :
A module pool can contain all possible declarative statements. All processing blocks are supported except for the reporting
event blocks and function modules.

 Include Programs :
They are exclusively used to organize program texts into small editable units which can be inserted at any place in other
ABAP programs using the INCLUDE statement.
 Subroutine Pools :
DR. B. C. ROY ENGINEERING COLLEGE , DURGAPUR (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) 24
Subroutine pools are created using the ABAP Editor and are introduced with the PROGRAM statement. Subroutine pools are
loaded by externally calling their subroutines from within other ABAP programs.
 Types of ABAP Tables
Transparent Tables Pool Tables Cluster Tables

Contain a single table. Used to They are used to hold a large They are used to hold data
store master data number of very small from a few number of large
tables(stores customizing data tables.(stores system data)
or system data)
It has a one-to-one It has a many-to-one It has a many-to-one
relationship with a table in the relationship with a table in the relationship with table in the
database database database
For each transparent table It is stored with other pooled Many cluster tables are stored
there is one associated table in tables in a single table called in a single table in the
the database table pool in the database database called a table cluster

The database table has the The database table has The database table has
same name, same number of different name, different different name, different
fields and the fields have the number of fields and fields number of fields and fields
same names have different names have different names
There is only a single table Table pools contain more Contains less tables than table
tables than table clusters pools
Single table can have one or Primary key of each table does Primary key of each table
DR. B. C. ROY ENGINEERING COLLEGE , DURGAPUR (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY)
more primary key not begin with same fields or begins 25with same fields or
fields fields
 ABAP Sample Program

Coding:

REPORT ZLOOPS .

do.

write / sy- index.

if sy- index eq 10.

exit.

endif.

check sy- index eq 2.

write / sy- index.

enddo.

DR. B. C. ROY ENGINEERING COLLEGE , DURGAPUR (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) 26

DR. B. C. ROY ENGINEERING COLLEGE , DURGAPUR (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) 27