The Discipline of

Counseling
The Meaning of Counseling

Nystul (2003) defined counseling a

basically an art and science wherein
you endeavor to weigh the objective
and subjective facets of the
counseling process.
Counseling as an ART
It upholds a flexible
It is the subjective and creative process
whereby the counselor
meaning of modifies the approach
counseling. to meet the developing
needs of the clients.
 It is about counselors
The who are discerning
and possesses skills
objective
to formulate
definition of objective
counseling. observations and
inferences.

Counseling as a SCIENCE
 Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004

• Guidance and Counseling is the profession that

implicates the application of an integrated approach
to the development of a well functioning individual”
through the provision of support that aids and
individual to use his /her potentials to the fullest in
accord with his/her interests, needs and abilities.
AMERICAN COUNSELING
ASSOCIATION (ACA)
CONFERENCE

• Counseling is a
professional relationship
that empowers diverse
individuals, families and
groups to accomplish
mental health, wellness,
education and career
goals.
Activity 1. quiz number 1.
• Instruction:
1. If something is bothering you about life matters:
academics, relationships, family, identity and financial
concerns, with whom will you share your problem?
Will you pursue a formal and nonformal help? Why or
why not? Explain your answer.
 GOALS OF COUNSELING

DEVELOPMENT
GOALS Preventive Enhancement
- assist in meeting or
advancing the client’s
Goals Goals-
human growth and
- helps the enhance
development special skills
including social, client avoid
personal, emotional, some and abilities.
cognitive and physical
wellness. undesired
outcome.
 GOALS OF COUNSELING

Remedial Goals Exploratory Goals- Psychological Goals-

examining options, aids in developing
- assisting the good social
testing of skills,
client to trying new and interaction skills,
overcome and different activities. learning emotional
treat an control, and
developing positive
undesirable
self- concept.
development.
 GOALS OF COUNSELING

Reinforcement Cognitive Goals- Physiological

Goals Goals-
Involves acquiring
- Helps client in the basic Involves acquiring
recognizing that foundation of the basic
what they are learning and understanding and
thinking and doing cognitive skills. habits for good
is fine. health.
 Counseling Goals for Counselors:

GOAL DESPCRIPTION
INSIGHT Understanding the origins and
development of emotional difficulties,
leading to an increased capacity to
take rational control over feelings and
actions.
 Counseling Goals for Counselors:

GOAL DESPCRIPTION
RELATING Becoming better able to form and
WITH maintain meaningful and satisfying
OTHERS relationships with other people:
example within the family or
workplace
 Counseling Goals for Counselors:
GOAL DESPCRIPTION

SELF- Becoming more aware of thoughts and

AWARENESS feelings that had been blocked off or
denied, or developing a more accurate
sense of how self is perceived by others.
 Counseling Goals for Counselors:

GOAL DESPCRIPTION
SELF- The development of a positive attitude
ACCEPTANCE toward self, marked by an ability to
acknowledge areas of experience that
had been the subject of self-criticism and
rejection.
 Counseling Goals for Counselors:

GOAL DESPCRIPTION
PROBLEM- Finding a solution to a specific
SOLVING problem that the client had not been
able to serve alone. Acquiring a
general competence in problem-
solving.
 Counseling Goals for Counselors:

GOAL DESPCRIPTION
PSYCHOLOGICAL Enabling the client to acquire
EDUCATION ideas and techniques with which
to understand and control
behavior
 Counseling Goals for Counselors:

GOAL DESPCRIPTION

PROBLEM- Finding a solution to a specific problem

SOLVING that the client had not been able to
serve alone. Acquiring a general
competence in problem-solving.
 Counseling Goals for Counselors:

GOAL DESPCRIPTION

PSYCHOLOGICAL Enabling the client to acquire ideas and

EDUCATION techniques with which to understand and
control behavior
 Counseling Goals for Counselors:

GOAL DESPCRIPTION

ACQUISITION Learning and mastering a social and

OF SOCIAL interpersonal skills such as maintenance
SKILLS of eye contact, turn- taking in
conversations, assertiveness or anger
control
 Counseling Goals for Counselors:

GOAL DESPCRIPTION
COGNITIVE The modification or replacement of
CHANGE irrational beliefs or maladaptive
thought patterns associated with
self-destructive patterns of behavior.
 Counseling Goals for Counselors:

GOAL DESPCRIPTION
BEHAVIOR The modification or replacement
CHANGE of maladaptive or self-
destructive patterns of behavior.
 Counseling Goals for Counselors:
GOAL DESPCRIPTION

SYSTEMATIC Introducing change into the way in

CHANGE that social systems operate
 Counseling Goals for Counselors:

GOAL DESPCRIPTION
EMPOWERMENT Working on skills, awareness, and
knowledge that will enable the client
to take control of his or her own life.
 Counseling Goals for Counselors:

GOAL DESPCRIPTION
RESTITUTION Helping the client to make
amends for previous destructive
behavior
 Counseling Goals for Counselors:

GOAL DESPCRIPTION
GENERATIVITY Inspiring in the person a desire and
capacity to care for others and pass
on knowledge and to contribute to
the collective good through political
engagement and community work.
In what way will counseling empower me?

• “ COUNSELING AIMS TO EMPOWER THE CLIENT BY HELPING

HIM/HER MAKE CRITICAL DECISIONS IN LIFE, DEVELOP
ABILITY TO COPE, ENHANCE EFFECTIVENESS, AND IMPROVE
QUALITY LIFE. “Mcleod 2003
SCOPE OF
COUNSELING

COGNITIVE,
BEHAVIORAL,
SYSTEMMIC,
SOCIAL,
PSYCHOLOGICAL
AND OTHERS.
 INDIVIDUAL
COUNSELING
loss, anxiety, anger,
stress, vocation,
studies, and others
depression, sexual
abuse, anxiety, gender,
relationships,
spirituality, ideology,
adolescent issues
 FAMILY
COUNSELING

Divorce, family Jealousy,

dynamics, money matters,
transitions in life, parenting,
miscommunication remarriage
 4757-15-01 Scope of practice for licensed professional
counselor.

• (A) A licensed professional counselor may render to individuals, groups, organizations, or

the general public counseling services involving the application of clinical counseling
principles, methods, or procedures to assist individuals in achieving more effective
personal, social, educational, or career development and adjustment.
• (B) "Apply clinical counseling principles, methods, and procedures," means an approach to
counseling that emphasizes the counselor's role in systematically assisting clients through
all of the following: Assessing and analyzing emotional conditions, exploring possible
solutions, and developing and providing a treatment plan for mental and emotional
adjustment or development. It may include counseling, appraisal, consulting, supervision,
administration and referral.
 4757-15-01 Scope of practice for licensed professional
counselor.

• (C) Engage in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and emotional disorders
when under the supervision of a professional clinical counselor, psychologist,
psychiatrist, independent marriage and family therapist, or independent
social worker.
• (D) Provide training supervision for students and registered counselor
trainees when services are within their scope of practice, which does not
include supervision of the diagnosis and treatment of mental and emotional
disorders.
 Ethical principles place emphasis on ethical
responsibilities, with counsellors being accountable for
any decisions. Ethical principles include:

• Fidelity (i.e. being trustworthy) – this is fundamental to

understanding and resolving incongruence.
• Autonomy – this principle emphasises the importance of respecting
and developing the client’s ability to be self-directing.
• Beneficence – acting in the best interests of the client, based on
professional assessment and working within one’s limits of
competence.
• Non-maleficence – the
responsibility to mitigate any
harm to clients.
• Justice – consideration of any legal
requirements and obligations, and
conflicts between legal and ethical
obligations.
• Self-respect – working towards
self-awareness and taking care of
the self. In other words,
counsellors need to apply all of the
above principles to themselves as
well as their clients.
 CORE VALUES AND ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF
COUNSELING
• Ethical Principles
These are the ideas that underpin both personal and professional codes.
1. AUTONOMY OF INDIVIDUALS
based on the right to freedom of action and freedom of choice in so far as the
pursuit of these freedom does not interfere with the freedom of others;
counseling cannot happen unless the client has made a free choice to
participate.
2. PRINCIPLE OF
NONMALIFICENCE
 refers to the
instructions to all
helpers or healers that
they must, above all,
do no harm;
3. PRINICIPLE OF JUSTICE
 concerned with the fair distribution of resources
and services, unless there is some acceptable
reason for treating them differently
 commitment to be fair goes beyond that of the
ordinary person; in view of the agreement to
promote worth and dignity of each individual,
counselors are required to be concerned with
equal treatment for all individuals.
4. PRINCIPLE OF FIDELITY

 shares to the presence of loyalty,

reliability, dependability and actions in
good faith;
 the rule of confidentiality reveals the
importance of fidelity; entering into a
contract means to stay with the client
and give the case his/her efforts.
 CORE VALUES AND ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF
COUNSELING
• GENERAL MORAL THEORIES

The BACP Ethical Framework for Good Practice, drawing on

virtues perspective also identified a set of personal qualities that all
practitioners should possess: empathy, sincerity, integrity, resilience,
respect, humility, competence, fairness, wisd.om and courage
 In terms of personal moral qualities, counsellors
are encouraged to towards:
• Empathy – being able to understand the clients
experience from their frame of reference.
• Sincerity – a personal commitment to consistency
between what is done and what is professed.
• Integrity – honest and coherent service provision.
 In terms of personal moral qualities, counsellors
are encouraged to towards:
• Resilience – being capable of working with client concerns
without being personally diminished.
• Humility – accurate assessment and acknowledge of one’s
own strengths and weaknesses.
• Competence – effective deployment of the skills and
knowledge needed to be an ethical counsellor.