Kelompok 5

Ummatul Fajri 183210973

Firmansyah 163210476
Bismal Muzafrahan

WATER TREATMENT
Created by: Ummatul Fajri
 OUTLINE
◉ Introduction
◉ Produce water
◉ Generally Water Treatment Process
◉ General Equipment Process
◉ Produce Water Handling
◉ Water Quality Specification
◉ System Maintenance
◉ TroubleShooting
◉ Produce Water Treatment System

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 Introduce

◉ Water treatment is an air treatment that will be carried out on

oil and gas fields
◉ In the oil industry, waterflooding or water injection is where
water is injected into the oil field, usually to increase pressure
and thereby stimulate production. Water injection wells can be
found both on- and offshore, to increase oil recovery from an
existing reservoir.

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Produced water is the oil and gas industry term for any water that
comes out of the oil or gas reservoir as part of the production process.
Oil reservoirs often contain large volumes of water, while gas
reservoirs typically have smaller quantities. Sources of produced
water include:

◉ Connate water present in the reservoir prior to production

◉ Condensed water from produced gas
◉ Injected water derived from injection wells

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The physical and chemical properties of produced water are not
consistent. Variation depends on factors such as reservoir geology,
hydrocarbon composition, geographical location, and water injection
history.
Produced water contains contaminants that require removal before
proper disposal or reuse. Some of the impurities or substances likely to be
found in produced water include: oil, naturally occurring radioactive
materials (NORM), waxes, greases, sand, scales, dissolved salts, CO2
(carbon dioxide) and H2S (hydrogen sulfide) gases, hydrocarbons,
production chemicals, and various metals.

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 Produce Water
Mixture of formation water and injected water that is produced
to surface facilities with oil and gas, not including drilling or
well treatment fluids.
Requires surface facilities for
separation, treatment and disposal.
Contains dispersed oil, suspended
solids, production
chemicals, traces of heavy metals,
dissolved organics (including
hydrocarbons

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Generally Water Treatment Process

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 Equipment Process
◉ Source water solid liquid (Separation)
◉ Surge tank
◉ Water injection/source water manifolds at the CPF
◉ Waterflood fine filters package
◉ All interconnecting piping
◉ Waterflood booster pumps
◉ All interfaces with existing power and control cabling
◉ Waterflood injection pumps
◉ Chemical injection systems
◉ Hydrocarbon vent/flare system
◉ Switchgear/control building

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 Produce water handling

◉ Separation
◉ Basic
■ Membrane ◉ Disposal
■ Thermal Tecnology ◉ Treatment
■ Media Filter ◉ Offshore – Discharge to
■ Adsorption sea
■ Advenced
◉ Settling ◉ Onshore – Evaporation
■ Hydrocylone pond water re use
■ High Pressure
■ Media Filtration ◉ Produced water
■ Portable Water injection
treatment

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 Water Quality Specification
◉ Specifications have dealt with dispersed oil so far, not dissolved
hydrocarbons, though the focus is changing.
◉ Dispersed oil in water measured in mg/l or ppm.

Sample regulation from North Sea basin

Set by Oslo Paris Convention (OSPAR) 2002 was
Maximum discharge limit of 30 ppm oil-in-water
with overall discharges reduced by 15% from 1999 levels

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 Industry-leading standard. Other oil producing regions
will have local and national limits

• Oil-in-water in ppm is
related to the population of
oil droplets of varying
sizes, in mm.

• Oil-in-water measurement ,
both in ppm and mm, is an
emerging field in itself.

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 System Maintenance

 Water Flooding Maintenance system

 Operating the flooding system
 Liquid levels for Injection
 Liquid levels for re-injection
 Flow Rates for Permeability of the Reservoir
 Effect of variables outside their recommended ranges

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 Troubleshooting

 Knowing when there is a Water Flooding problem

 Logic to troubleshooting
 Re-injection Mechanism
 Injection Mechanism
 Excess operating cost

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 Produce Water Treatment System
The produced water system has capacity to handle 30,000
BLPD of “Oily Water”.
The produced water treatment system will consist of the
following:
 Produced Water skim Tanks (2000 m3)
complete with water level control box system
(TK-6601A/B)
 Skimmed Oil Vessel, 30m3,(V-6601)
 Skimmed Oil Pumps, 5m3/hr, P-6601 A/B
 Water Injection tank, 1000m3, TK-6602
 Water injection pumps, 100 m3/hr, P-6603 A/B/C

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 Produce Water Treatment
Produced water from First Stage Production Separators (PK-6201A/B)
and Second Stage Production Separators (PK-6202A/B) is treated in
Produced Water Skim Tanks (TK-6601A/B). These skim Tanks with a
central reaction column uses gravity separation method to reduce the oil
content of water from 1000 ppm (normal) to about 100 ppm at the outlet of
the tank. The Produced Water Tanks is an atmospheric storage tank of
2000 m3 capacity each based on the produced water effective retention
time of 18 hours with both the tanks. The tanks operate at atmospheric
pressure and remove the oil entrained in water. The skimmed oil flows by
gravity to Skimmed Oil Vessel (V-6601) and is pumped back by skimmed
oil pumps, P-6601A/B to the crude oil system for reprocessing.

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Produce Water Skim Tanks

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 Water Injection

The produced water from Skim tanks flows by gravity to the Water Injection
Tank (TK-6602) and is pumped to water injection well (INJ-2) and OGM3 by
Water Injection
Pumps,P-6603A/B/C.Out of three Water Injection Pumps, two running and
one standby during normal operation. The Water Injection Pumps should be
centrifugal multi stage type, and shall be of 100m3/hr (15,096BLPD)
capacities with 10MPa pressure differential. The water injection flow rate
shall be (7,500BWPD) for each well and metered by installed flow
measurement unit.

The operating capacity of water injection system is

30,000 BWPD with 10MPa injection pressure and the total
produced water is injected to injection wells.

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 Water Injection

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 Waste Water Treatment System

During Produced Water tank maintenance or if there is excess

produced water from Produced Water tanks, the Produced
Water can flows by gravity to a wastewater retention pond
having capacity of 200m3, M-6603, and evaporation pond
having capacity of 40,000m3, M-6604. Floating oil skimmer,
M-6602, shall be provided in the retention pond to collect
traces of oil separated in the retention pond. The oil recovered
from the pond will be pumped back to the drain sump by the
portable skim oil pump,P-6602. Maximum oil content in the
waste water will be 10ppm.

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 Challanges
 Performance of oil-water separation
 Operating within design limits
 Environmental pollution

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 References
Report of RPSEA Project 07122-12, An Integrated Framework for Treatment and
Management of Produced Water,
Technical Assessmentof Produced Water Treatment Technologies, Colorado School of
Mines, Nov 2009
http://aqwatec.mines.edu/research/projects/Tech_Assessment_PW_Treatment_Tech.pdf

OSPAR Commission, Offshore Industry Series, Background Document concerning

Techniques for the Management of Produced Water
from Offshore Installations, published 2002

Argonne National Laboratory, report prepared for US Department of Energy, A White

Paper describing Produced Water from Production
of Crude Oil, Natural Gas and Coal Bed Methane, Jan 2004, Sections 5 and 6, pgs 42 - 68

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THANK YOU
Any questions?

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