Solid Waste Management

Soild waste – Problems

How to manage these problems ?

 General composition of municipal solid waste

% may vary depend upon the country, city and region

 Urban wastes
• Waste from homes
• Waste from shops
• Biomedical waste
• Construction/demolition waste
• Horticulture waste
• Slaughter house waste

Bio degradable wastes and non-biodegradable wastes

 Industrial wastes
• Chemicals
• Packaging materials
• Metals, wood, paint, glass, asbestos,
batteries, abrasives, leather
• Thermal power plants – fly ash
• Nuclear power plants – radioactive
materials
 Effect of improper solid waste
disposal
• Dumping of materials on the road side
- biodegradation – foul smell - pathogens
• Industrial wastes-toxic substances
• Mixing of hazardous substances with garbage
- unable to separate recyclable materials
• Batteries – lead, cadmium, mercury
• Burning of materials
- polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, furans
• Leads cancer and other ailments
Solid Waste Management
 Sustainable Development

• The 3 “R” mantra

– Reduction in use of raw
materials
– Reuse of waste
materials
– Recycling of materials
Classification of domestic waste - Tokyo

Over size trash Batteries and

(Sodai gomi) electronics
 Domestic waste disposal –
Bunkyo ward, Tokyo

Day Type of trash to be

disposed
Monday, Thursday Burnable trash

Tuesday Non- burnable trash

Wednesday Recyclable trash

For oversized trash the city office should be contacted

Recycling of paper wastes -Japan
Solid Waste Management
 Methods of Discarding Wastes
• Incineration
– Incinerators are burning plants capable of burning
a large amount of materials at high temperature.
– The initial cost is very high.
– High levels of dioxins, furans, lead and cadmium
may be emitted with the fly ash of incinerator
– Remove batteries containing heavy metals and
plastic containing chlorine before burning the
material
– Prior removal of plastics will reduce emissions of
dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls
 Methods of Discarding
Wastes
• Sanitary landfill
– Garbage is spread out in thin layers
– Compacted and covered with clay or plastic foam
– The bottom is covered with an impermeable liner
(clay, thick plastic and sand).
– It protects the ground water from being
contaminated due to percolation of leachate
– Methane produced by anaerobic decomposition is
collected
– Used to produce electricity or heat
 Methods of Discarding Wastes

• Composting
– Biodegradable waste is allowed to degrade
or decompose in an oxygen rich atmosphere
– Good quality, nutrient rich and
environmental friendly manure is obtained
– It can improve the soil conditions and
fertility
 Dioxin

Furan PCB