Review Lessons:

What is a nervous system?

Essential Questions:
1.What is an Endocrine Gland?
2.What consists of Endocrine Gland and
how it functions?
The nervous system is the part of
an animal’s body that coordinates
its voluntary and involuntary
actions and transmits signals to
and from different parts of its
body.
ENDOCRINE GLAND
The endocrine system is the
collection of glands that produce
hormones that regulate
metabolism, growth and
development, tissue function,
sexual function, reproduction,
sleep, and mood, among other
things.
Hormones are chemical messengers
that are secreted directly into the
blood, which carries them to organs
and tissues of the body to exert their
functions.
There are many types of hormones that
act on different aspects of bodily
functions and processes.
Some of these include:
•Development and growth
•Metabolism of food items
•Sexual function and reproductive growth
and health
•Cognitive function and mood
•Maintenance of body temperature and
thirst
The endocrine system is made up
of the pituitary gland, thyroid
gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal
glands, pancreas, ovaries (in
females) and testicles (in males).
The word endocrine derives from the Greek
words "endo," meaning within, and "crinis,"
meaning to secrete.
In general, a gland selects and removes
materials from the blood, processes them
and secretes the finished chemical product
for use somewhere in the body.
The endocrine system affects almost every
organ and cell in the body.
Although the hormones circulate throughout the
body, each type of hormone is targeted toward
certain organs and tissues, the Merck Manual
notes.
The endocrine system gets some help from
organs such as the kidney, liver, heart and
gonads, which have secondary endocrine
functions.
The kidney, for example, secretes hormones such
as erythropoietin and renin.
Activity 4 Questions:
Q 15. Which gland of the endocrine and nervous
system controls the other glands in the body?
The pituitary gland controls the output of
other glands in the body.
Q 16. How do you differentiate thyroid and
parathyroid glands in terms of location and
function?
The thyroid gland is located below the voice
box and regulates body metabolism by
producing calcitonin that reduces blood
calcium level, while parathyroid gland is
located on the neck and produces
parathormone that increases blood calcium
Q 17. If a person’s blood sugar level
becomes unstable, what glands might be
involved in the problem?
The person’s pancreas is possibly
involved when blood sugar level becomes
unstable.
Q 18. How important is the thymus gland
in keeping your body free from disease?
 The thymus gland enables the body to
produce T-cells that help in fighting
infections and diseases.
Q 19. What might happen to a person born
without a thymus gland?
A person without a thymus gland will not
develop an adaptive immune system and
may eventually die.
Q 20. How will you explain the sudden boost
of energy, increased strength and
extraordinary ability to lift very heavy objects
especially during emergency situations?
The adrenal gland produces adrenalin
that enables the body to have the energy in
doing spontaneous work during emergency
situations.
Q 21. Why is injecting insulin an
essential part of the daily regime for
most people with diabetes?
Because the diabetic person’s
pancreas does not produce enough
insulin for the body, insulin injections
must be administered to the body to
regulate blood sugar levels.
Q 22. Why does menstrual cycle stop
during menopause?
During menopause there is a
significant change of hormone levels
produce by the ovaries which eventually
stops the menstrual cycle.
Q 23. How do oral contraceptives,
especially birth control pills, prevent
pregnancy?
Birth control pills contain hormones
that control the functioning of the ovaries
and the uterus. Most pills have the
combination of the hormone's estrogen
and progesterone to prevent ovulation.
Q 24. Breastfeeding releases oxytocin and
protactin, hormones that relax the mother and
make her feel more nurturing toward her baby.
On the other hand, how does the baby benefit
from the production of these hormones in the
mother’s body?
Oxytocin and protactin enable milk
production that provides the required
nourishment for the baby.
http://www.hormone.org/hormones-and-
health/the-endocrine-system/digital-
toolkit/endocrine-gland-and-hormone-
quiz
1. This links the nervous system to the endocrine
system via the pituitary gland.
A. Thalamus B. Hypothalamus C. Adrenal
2. This affects wake/sleep patterns and seasonal
functions.
A. Pineal B. Adrenal C. Thyroid
3. The master gland that controls many bodily
functions.
A. Thalamus B. Hypothalamus C. Pituitary
4. This controls how quickly the body uses
energy, makes proteins and controls how
sensitive the body should be to other hormones.
A. Adrenal gland B. Hypothalamus C. Thyroid
5. A group of cells that gives off or secretes
chemicals.
A. Artery B. Vein C. Gland
6. Bodily chemical messengers that send
messages from one set of cells to another,
affecting changes.
7. These glands control the amount of calcium in the
blood and bones.
A. Pituitary B. Parathyroid C. Thyroid
8. These release hormones in conjunction with
stress.
A. Adrenal B. Pituitary C. Tnyroid
9. Glands are small organs located throughout your
body that secrete (that means release) substances
called:
A. Plasma B. Hormones C. Enzymes D. Bile
10. Hormones help your body by:
A. Telling your cells what to do
B. Helping you breathe
C. Sending nerve messages
D. Oxidizing your blood
11. Which of the following is not part of the
endocrine system?
A. Thyroid B. Adrenals C. Appendix D.
Pituitary
12. Where are the major endocrine glands located?
A. In the head, shoulders, knees, and toes
B. In the abdomen, joints, brain, and spinal column
C. In the brain, neck, abdomen, and groin
D. In the gall bladder, appendix, tonsils, and spleen
13. This gland is sometimes called the master
gland, though it is only about the size of a pea:
A. Pituitary B. Adrenal C. Pineal D.
Hypothalamus
14. What is your largest endocrine gland? Hint:
It’s found in your belly!
A. Adrenal B. Tummy C. Pituitary D.
Pancreas
15. What is a common problem with the
endocrine system?
A. Hemophilia B. Diabetes C. Lung cancer D.
Bad gas
16. What hormone does the pancreas make?
A. Insulin B. Adrenaline C. Growth hormones
17. Where can you find the pituitary gland?
A. In your left foot B. Next to your liver C. At
the base of your brain D. Near your heart and
lungs
18. Which gland makes hormones that help you
grow and stay full of energy?
A. Thyroid B. Adrenal C. Muscle D. Pituitary