DESIGN AND

IMPLEMENTATION OF
NEURAL NETWORK
BASED CIRCUITS FOR
VLSI TESTING
CONTENT
• ▪ Artificial Neural Network
• ▪ Model of ANN
• ▪ Transfer Function of ANN model ▪
• Roposed Method ▪
• ISCAS85 Combinational Benchmark circuit
• RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ▪ Conclusion
HISTORICAL
HIGHLIGHTS
Analog VLSI
Carver Mead and his students pioneered the development
aVLSI technology for use in neural circuits
They developed a silicon retina which electronically
emulated the first 3 layers of the retina
WHAT IS ANN?

• ▪ A neural network can be defined as a model of reasoning based on the human brain.
• ▪ The brain consists of a densely interconnected set of nerve cells (information processing
units) called neurons.
• ▪ Human brain has 10 billion neurons and 60 trillion connections.
• ▪ Application of ANN
• ▪ Robotics
• ▪ Traveling Saleman's Problem
• ▪ Data processing, including filtering, clustering
ANALOGY
 Inputs represent synapses
Weights represent the strengths of
synaptic links
Wire presents dendrite secretion
Summation block represents the
addition of the secretions
Output represents axon voltage
MODEL OF ANN
TRANSFER FUNCTION OF ANN
MODEL
• ▪ Three transfer function in ANN
• ▪ Step Function
• ▪ Ramp Function
• ▪ Sigmoid Function
BACKPROPAGATION ALGORITHM
SIGMOID FUNCTION &
DIFFERENTIABLE
MODELL OF ANN
• Neuron will activated then when it has output logic is ‘1’ and in other
• remaining cases it tends to ‘0’.
• ▪ Dendrite of neuron is considered as fan-in for node.
• ▪ axon is considered as fan-out.
• ▪ Node will burst firing patterns and reproduces spiking pulses in ANN
• based combinational circuit.
• ▪ Proposed neuron method is targeted to ISCAS85-C17 benchmark
• circuit.
MODEL OF ANN
▪
• ▪ Fan-Out: Different neuron sharing one
• source neuron which means that a net
• propagates a signal from one source
• to “n” destinations.
• ▪
• Fan-In: The Number of input to the
• gate.
ROPOSED METHOD CONTINUE
▪
• ▪ Proposed design is divided into four major units such as
• – Input unit
• – Firing Unit
• – Control Unit
• – Output Unit
• ▪ There are IN1 & IN2 is referred as input and W1 & W2 referred to as
• dendrites from others neurons along with relation weight and finally
• a clock signal.
ROPOSED METHOD CONTINUE

• ▪ Output Unit : When the output would be fired, the output will have to
• generate a pulse to propagate it to other neuron through the axon.
• ▪ Firing Unit: This unit is determinate by the expositional function as
• f (x) = x × e-x, where x is known as input.
• ▪ Control Unit-Inputs IN1 and IN2 were summed together and as a
• result, pulse is generated.
• ▪ Input Unit-Initial unit consists of input IN1 and IN2 with control clock.
• Timer concept is also used in this unit.
BENCHMARK CIRCUIT

• ▪ Some Benchmark circuits are:-

• ▪ ISCA is short form of “International Symposium on Circuits and
• Systems”.
• – ISCAS '85
• ▪ List: c1, c5, c17, c432, c499, c880, c1355, c1908, c2670, c3540, c5315, c6288, c7552
• – ISCAS '89
• – 74X-series
ISCAS85 BENCHMARK CIRCUIT C17

• ▪ Verilog code of C17 circuit

• ▪ module c17 (N1,N2,N3,N6,N7,N22,N23);
• ▪ input N1,N2,N3,N6,N7;
• ▪ output N22,N23;
• ▪ wire N10,N11,N16,N19;
• ▪ nand NAND2_1 (N10, N1, N3);
• ▪ nand NAND2_2 (N11, N3, N6);
• ▪ nand NAND2_3 (N16, N2, N11);
• ▪ nand NAND2_4 (N19, N11, N7);
• ▪ nand NAND2_5 (N22, N10, N16);
ISCAS85 BENCHMARK CIRCUIT C17
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF ISCAS85-C17
NEURON
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

• ▪ Proposed hardware based neuron

design is implemented with VHDL
• code.
• ▪ Proposed design is implemented to
XILINX Spartan III FPGA
• ▪ Simulation of ISCAS85-C17 neuron
Architecture using VHDL code.
FAULT FREE TEST PATTERN FOR ISCAS85-C17

• ▪ Inputs (neuron1 to neuron5) Outputs(pulse1 and pulse2)

• ▪ 10110 10
• ▪ 00111 00
• ▪ 10001 11
• ▪ 11011 11
• ▪ 01100 11
• ▪ 11110 10
• ▪ 10000 00
CONCLUSION

• ▪ The aim of the proposed method is to have the possibility of

• interconnect more number of artificial neurons to create a
complete
• neuronal network in VLSI design testing
Thank You
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