Water Treatment and its methods

. Aim of the treatment process

 Safe water supply:
 “All people have safe and equitable access to a
sufficient quantity of water for drinking, cooking and
personal and domestic hygiene.”

 “Water is palatable, and of sufficient quality to be

drunk and used for personal and domestic hygiene
without causing significant risk to health”
water treatment
 The goal of water treatment, usually from surface
sources such as lakes, reservoirs, or rivers, is to
remove contaminants and organisms through a
combination of biological, chemical, and physical
processes to make it safe for drinking. Some of
these occur in the natural environment, whereas
others occur in engineered and constructed water
treatment plants. The engineered processes usually
mimic or build on natural processes.
Water treatment process
Whether in the natural environment or a
constructed water-treatment plant, there
are several key processes that occur during
water treatment:
 Collection of water
 Screening
 coagulation and flocculation
 Settling/sedimentation
 filtration
 Disinfection and other chemical
treatments.
1.screening
 The raw water contains large size particles .
 These particles needs to be removed .
 It is done by screening of raw water .
 It contains a bar screen which act as a filter for large
particles .
Examples of particles that is removed by this
process are -plastic bottles ,branches of trees , leaves
etc
2.Settling or sedimentation
 There are few particles that are suspended in the
water.
 These particles can be removed by making them
settling down in a tank.
 This is mainly done by gravitational force .
 This whole process is called as sedimentation.
3.Coagulation and flocculation
 Sometimes some of impurities does not settle
down due to their light weight.

 So to make sedimentation process easier we use

coagulation and flocculation processes.

 In this we add coagulating agents which add

impurities with it and settles at the bottom.

 the most famous coagulating agent is alum.

4. Filtration
 In this process further the water is filtered out to
increase its quality.

 The component used for filtration is mainly sand.

 we use sand because it is easily available .

 The sand should be of uniform size and must be fine

in nature.
5. Disinfection
 The water content contains harmful bacteria's .
 In order to kill the pathogenic bacteria we use the
process of disinfection.
 It is a process in which we add few amount of chlorine
in the given amount of water .
 This chlorine eliminates the bacteria by neutralizing
it.
 After in this the chlorine is removed by
dechlorination.
 6. Softening and distribution of
water to consumers
 The last step is to remove the hardness present in
water .

 This hardness is mainly sodium and magnesium salts

and compounds which is also referred as temporary or
permanent hardness.

 Then the purified water is distributed to consumers

via taps and other sources.
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YOU