CPLA

RHB

CPLA
 RSM

RHB

CPLA
-Any number of terrorists who assemble together,
have a unifying relationship, or are organized for
the purpose of committing an act or acts of
violence or threaten violence in pursuit of their
political, religious, or ideological objectives.
-Any number of terrorists who assemble together,
have a unifying relationship, or are organized for
the purpose of committing an act or acts of
violence or threaten violence in pursuit of their
political, religious, or ideological objectives.
-A political movement that uses terror as a weapon
to achieve its goals.
- act of terrorism, terrorism, terrorist act - the
calculated use of violence (or the threat
of violence) against civilians in order to attain goals
that are political or religious or
ideological in nature; this is done through
intimidation or coercion or instilling fear.
 (CPLA)

Leader : Conrado
Balweg
Dates of operation :
1986 - 2011
Motives : Cordillera
autonmy, Indigenous
rights
 The Cordillera People's Liberation Army
(CPLA) was a militant organization based in
the Cordillera region in the Philippines founded
by Conrado Balweg. In 1986 The CPLA broke
away from the communist New People's Army
(NPA), criticizing the latter for its
incompetence in pursuing its goals
Who is CONRADO BALWEG?
 Who is CONRADO BALWEG?
Nickname(s)
Ka Ambo
Allegiance
New People's Army
(1979-1986)
Cordillera People’s
Liberation Army
(1986-1999)
Unit :
Lumbaya Company
(NPA)
 Who is CONRADO BALWEG?
Nickname(s)
Ka Ambo
Allegiance
New People's Army
(1979-1986)
Cordillera People’s
Liberation Army
(1986-1999)
Unit :
Lumbaya Company
(NPA)
 Who is CONRADO BALWEG?
Nickname(s)
Ka Ambo
Allegiance
New People's Army
(1979-1986)
Cordillera People’s
Liberation Army
(1986-1999)
Unit :
Lumbaya Company
(NPA)
 The formation of the CPLA also saw
the merger of the Tingguian Liberation
Force, a splinter group from NPA Abra to
form the Cordillera organization. Their
goal was to fight for the self-
determination of the people of Cordillera.
SELF-DETERMINATION
the determining by the people of the form
their government shall have, without
reference to the wishes of any other nation,
especially by people of a territory or former
colony
In September 13, 1986 the CPLA and the Government of
the Philippines made a "sipat" (ceasefire) at Mt. Data
Hotel, in Bauko, Mountain Province. The agreement
between the two entities was called the 1986 Mount Data
Peace Accord.In 1999, the organization's founder,
Conrado Balweg was assassinated by the NPA. A closure
agreement between the CPLA and the Government of the
Philippines was signed on July 4, 2011 at the Rizal Hall in
Malacañan Palace. The agreement called for the
disarmament of the group, the reintegration of the militants
into mainstream society and the conversion of the militant
group into a socio-economic organization.
While the group has stopped armed confrontation, the
CPLA remain extant as of 2013 and still campaigning for
greater autonomy in the Cordilleras with about 1,000
members
 The Rebolusyonaryong Hukbong Bayan (RHB,
Revolutionary People’s Army) is the armed group of the
Marxist-Leninist Party of the Philippines (MLPP),a
splinter group of the Communist Party of the Philippines-
New People’sArmy (CPP-NPA). It is based in Central
Luzon, in the northern Philippines. Ithas also incorporated
former elements of the CPP’s Metro Manila Provisional
Regional Party Committee, the National Trade Union
Bureau, and the National Peasant Secretariat.
Typology
Communist/socialist. The group is pursuing a rural-based people’s
war to overthrow the Manila government and establish a
Communist republic along Maoist lines.
Typology
Communist/socialist. The group is pursuing a rural-based people’s
war to overthrow the Manila government and establish a
Communist republic along Maoist lines.
Current status
There are conflicting reports about the current status of this armed
group. Media and other public sources indicate that it remains
active, but has been and continues to be decimated in encounters
with both the military and the New People’s Army (NPA-CPP) and
by the surrender of its leaders in Central Luzon. Two senior MLPP-
RHB leaders—Domingo Tarectecan (known as comrade Delfin) and
Christopher de Guzman (comrade Acay)—were arrested in La Union
province, Luzon, in February 2007.
 The information in the sources consulted,
indicates that the activities of the
Rebolusyonaryong Hukbong Bayan (RHB)
are mainly based in central and northern
Luzon. There are also reports of the RHB
being active in the Bataan area.
 The information in the sources consulted
indicates that the relationship between the NPA
and RHB is quite volatile. Most reports refer to the
two as ‘rival groups’. In a statement issued on 25
July 2004, the NPA denounces the RPA as a
“counterrevolutionary bandit group”. The NPA
states that “it is the policy of the revolutionary
movement break up and smash the RHB and all
counterrevolutionary and criminal groups in the
Red territories"
 There is no evidence in the sources consulted to
indicate that the RHB specifically target family members
of government officials. The sources consulted only
revealed general information regarding people connected
with their intended targets. With regard to people
targeted by the RPB, an article published by Philippine
Headline News online in 2004 states that they “known to
threaten the lives of anyone whom they suspect of being
members of or sympathetic to rival groups”
(RSM)
LEADER :
Ahmed
Santos
MOTIVE :
Attacks on
soft targets,
Maritime
Terrorism
The Rajah Sulaiman movement is an organization in the
Philippines whose membership consists of Filipino Christian
who have converted to Islam and are now involved in one of
the major conflicts in the Philippines. According to the
Philippine government, the group's soldiers have been
trained, financed and governed by Aby Sayyaf and Jemaah
Islamiah. Video: 2011 Interviews conducted before the trial
demands Abdullah Sunata held at the East Jakarta District
Court.
Rajah Solaiman Islamic Movement
(RSIM), also known as Rajah Solaiman
Movement, Rajah Sulaiman Movement,
Rajah Solaiman Revolutionary
Movement (RSM), RSM is an active
group formed
WHO IS THE LEADER OF
RSM?
WHO IS THE LEADER OF
RSM?
Ahmed Santos
born Hilarion del
Rosario Santos III) is a
Filipino who converted
to Islam while working
in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
in 1991.Santos was
captured by Military
officials for being
involved in organizing
and planning terrorist
activities, including
preparation of
bombs. He is the
founder of the RSM
WHO IS THE LEADER OF
RSM?
Ahmed Santos
born Hilarion del
Rosario Santos III) is a
Filipino who converted
to Islam while working
in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
in 1991.Santos was
captured by Military
officials for being
involved in organizing
and planning terrorist
activities, including
preparation of
bombs. He is the
founder of the RSM
WHO IS THE LEADER OF
RSM?
Ahmed Santos
born Hilarion del
Rosario Santos III) is a
Filipino who converted
to Islam while working
in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
in 1991.Santos was
captured by Military
officials for being
involved in organizing
and planning terrorist
activities, including
preparation of
bombs. He is the
founder of the RSM
The RSM has assisted with the terrorist plots of the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) in
Manila and their areas in the northern Philippines. It was involved in ASG's bombing of
SuperFerry 14 in February 2004 and the February 2005 Valentine's Day bombings,
according to Philippine security officials. In 2005, however, the RSM suffered several
major setbacks. In March, Philippine security forces seized more than 1,300 pounds of
explosives from an RSM safe house in metropolitan Manila. In October, Philippine
intelligence agents arrested RSM leader Ahmad Santos in Zamboanga City and charged
him with plotting to bomb high profile targets, including the U.S. Embassy in Manila.
Two months later, Philippine security forces arrested another RSM leader in
Zamboanga City. Philippine officials subsequently claimed that debriefings of these
captives helped them thwart an alleged RSM plot to conduct attacks in Manila during
the Christmas holiday season.
 The RSM operates throughout the
Philippines and maintains a significant
presence in metropolitan Manila. Some RSM
operatives likely trained alongside members
of the Abu Sayyaf Group and other militants
in the southern Philippines.
 The Abu Sayyaf Group and Jemaah
Islamiyah have provided training, funds, and
operational assistance to the RSM. Some
Middle East-based non-governmental
organizations and other sympathizers also
may provide funds to the RSM.
How the
government
response to
Terrorism?
One of the government responses to terrorism is the
Armed Forces of the Philippines.
The Armed Forces of the Philippines
Along with the President, the Armed Forces of the Philippines
(AFP) are one of the main stakeholders in the fight against terrorism.
Along with the police, the army is generally pointed out as the main
perpetrator of human rights violations in the Philippines: most of the
civilians met during the fact finding mission said they were more scared
by the army than by terrorist groups. The army however took several
initiatives to ensure respect for human rights in the framework of the
fight against terrorism. AFP told the fact finding mission that it provides
soldiers with courses on human rights law, sometimes sending some of
them abroad to benefit from international training. A campaign informing
soldiers on the HSA is ongoing. An AFP Human Rights Office was also
created, intended to oversee and monitor cases of human rights violations
filed against soldiers. AFP further announced the setting up of five
general court-martials that will specifically try cases of human rights
violations allegedly perpetrated by military personnel.
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ESPIRITU, JHOAN
FAJARDO, JERRIEBEE